Cited by 443Resilience and Mental HealthWorkplace Health and Well-beingStress and Burnout Research

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Can resilience be developed at work? A meta‐analytic review of resilience‐building programme effectiveness

Vanhove, Adam J., Herian, Mitchel N., Perez, Alycia L. U., Harms, Peter D., Lester, Paul B.·2016·Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology

DOI 10.1111/joop.12123

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Abstract

Organizations have increasingly sought to adopt resilience‐building programmes to prevent absenteeism, counterproductive work behaviour, and other stress‐related issues. However, the effectiveness of these programmes remains unclear as a comprehensive review of existing primary evidence has not been undertaken. Using 42 independent samples across 37 studies, the present meta‐analysis sought to address this limitation in the literature by summarizing the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes implemented in organizational contexts. Results demonstrated that the overall effect of such programmes was small ( d = 0.21) and that programme effects diminish over time ( d proximal = 0.26 vs. d distal = 0.07). Alternatively, moderator analyses revealed that programmes targeting individuals thought to be at greater risk of experiencing stress and lacking core protective factors showed the opposite effect over time. Programmes employing a one‐on‐one delivery format (e.g., coaching) were most effective, followed by the classroom‐based group delivery format. Programmes using train‐the‐trainer and computer‐based delivery formats were least effective. Finally, substantially stronger effects were observed among studies employing single‐group within‐participant designs, in comparison with studies utilizing between‐participant designs. Taken together, these findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for advancing the study and use of resilience‐building in the workplace. Practitioner points: Resilience‐building programmes have had a modest effect in the workplace. The effect is weaker than that associated with secondary prevention techniques, but similar to those shown for other primary prevention techniques. Across primary studies, programme effects diminished substantially from proximal (≤1 month post‐intervention) to distal time points (>1 month). However, among those at greater risk of experiencing stress or who lack protective resources, weak proximal effects became stronger when measured distally. To optimize the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes, developers should carefully conduct needs assessments, identifying individuals at elevated risk. Methodological decisions (i.e., the use of within‐ vs. between‐participant designs) may have a substantial impact on the conclusions researchers draw regarding the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes. When evaluating the effectiveness of resilience‐building programmes, researchers and practitioners should compare observed effects to estimates of mean effects across studies using similar evaluative designs.

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“Reaction to upsets varies greatly from the way individuals control their behaviour to how depressed they get (Vanhove, Herian, Perez, Harms & Lester, 2016).”
Background
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“Vanhove et al. (2016) explained that, for individuals working in jobs associated with a high risk of experiencing trauma, the importance of primary prevention through building resilience is clear.”
Influential
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Heidenreich, T., & Chmitorz, A. (2024) · Springer Reference Pflege, Therapie, Gesundheit · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68278-4_47
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Self-citation
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Raguindin, P. F., Clercq, E. D., Vokinger, A. K., Pedraza, E. C., Bolliger, C., Scheinemann, K., Tinner, E. M., Bergsträßer, E., von Bueren, A. O., & Michel, G. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6311953/v1
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Effects of avoidance in German military police resilience training
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“In this context, it is essential that the military personnel actively cooperate, while particular attention must be paid to the fact that the way avoidance manifests itself is individual in nature, as there are different ways of controlling it individually (Vanhove et al., 2016).”
RESILIÊNCIA E SUBJETIVIDADE NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: Um ensaio entre subserviência e proteção
Assunção, V. C. F. B., da Silva, J. R. T., & Ribeiro, C. V. D. S. (2025) · Psicologia e Saúde em Debate · doi:10.22289/2446-922x.v11a2a3

Authors: Vanhove, A. J., Herian, M. N., Perez, A. L. U., Harms, P. D., & Lester, P. B.
Affiliations: University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
United States Army (US)
Corresponding author: Vanhove, Adam J.
ORCID: Vanhove, Adam J.
Harms, Peter D.
Lester, Paul B.
Venue: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-04-25
Volume: 89
Issue: 2
Pages: 278-307
ISSN: 0963-1798 (ISSN-L)
2044-8325
DOI: 10.1111/joop.12123
OpenAlex: W2005393701
Cited by: 443
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 25.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (publishedVersion)
Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Army (D10PC20006)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Keywords: workplace resilience, occupational stress, absenteeism, counterproductive work behavior, primary prevention, secondary prevention, protective factors, coaching, trainer training, computer-based intervention, within-participant design, program effectiveness, needs assessment

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Can resilience be developed at work? A meta‐analytic review of resilience‐building programme effectiveness

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