Promoting Teacher Adoption of Physical Activity Breaks in the Classroom: Findings of the Central Texas CATCH Middle School Project
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research suggests that physical activity breaks (ABs) during class increase students' physical activity levels and provide an academic benefit. This study evaluates a 3-year intervention aimed at encouraging teacher AB use. METHODS: Thirty central Texas middle schools were assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: training-only (Basic), training plus facilitator support (Basic Plus), and training/facilitator support and a social marketing campaign (Basic Plus SM). Teachers completed surveys at end of years 2 (N = 1039) and 3 (N = 831) to assess exposure to program, self-efficacy, and frequency of AB use. RESULTS: At end of year 3, teachers in facilitator-supported conditions reported increased exposure, self-efficacy, and use compared to Basic condition. Only 43.2% of teachers in the Basic condition reported receiving training in ABs compared to 84.2% and 90.6% in the Basic Plus and Basic Plus SM conditions, respectively. Additionally, a greater percentage of teachers in the facilitator-support conditions reported conducting ABs weekly (Basic = 23.3%, Basic Plus = 34.4%, Basic Plus SM = 38.7%, at year 3; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite perceived barriers, including fear that ABs will detract from instructional time, the intervention was successful in having a core group of teachers implement them weekly. More research is needed to increase the percentage of teachers implementing ABs regularly.
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Seventeen of the included studies were assessed as high risk of detection bias.
“Seventeen of the included studies were assessed as high risk [26, 28, 37, 41, 43, 44, 46–49, 52, 54–56, 58, 66, 67] and seven studies were assessed as low risk of detection bias [27, 42, 51, 53, 60, 62, 63].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Thirteen studies, including four RCTs, were assessed as unclear risk of selection bias as methods of sequence generation and allocation were not reported.
“Thirteen studies, including four RCTs were assessed as unclear risk of selection bias as methods of sequence generation and allocation were not reported [44, 46, 47, 50, 51, 54–56, 58, 64, 66, 67].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
For risk of bias due to baseline imbalances, the majority of studies (n = 11) were assessed as low risk as studies accounted for imbalances by making adjustments for baseline differences during analyses, stratifying by school characteristics or through random allocation of schools to experimental groups.
“For risk of bias due to baseline imbalances, the majority of studies (n = 11) were assessed as low risk as studies accounted for imbalances by making adjustments for baseline differences during analyses, stratifying by school characteristics or through random allocation of schools to experimental groups [37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 55, 56, 58, 60, 64, 67].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Three studies were high risk of bias due to incorrect analysis.
“Three studies were high risk of bias due to incorrect analysis [42, 46, 58], while eight studies were assessed as low risk [27, 37, 38, 41, 54, 56, 64, 67] and the remaining studies (n = 4) at unclear risk [26, 47, 55, 60].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Seven studies were assessed as unclear for potential risk of recruitment to cluster.
“Seven studies were assessed as unclear [26, 37, 38, 41, 42, 46, 67], whilst the remaining study [27] was assessed as high risk of bias due to randomization occurring prior to recruitment and a lack of blinding of recruiters.”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
One study was assessed as high risk of attrition due to untreated missing data at follow-up.
“One study was assessed as high risk of attrition due to untreated missing data at follow-up [46].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Among studies reporting other continuous implementation outcomes (e.g., quantity of physical activity lessons), findings were mixed.
“Among studies reporting other continuous implementation outcomes (e.g., quantity of physical activity lessons), findings were mixed [43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 59, 64, 66].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Delk, J., Springer, A. E., Kelder, S. H., & Grayless, M.
- Affiliations
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living (US)
- Corresponding author
- Delk, Joanne
- Venue
- Journal of School Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-02
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 722-730
- ISSN
- 0022-4391 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-1561
- OpenAlex
- W1967275050
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of School Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Michael & Susan Dell Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- physical activity breaks, classroom breaks, teacher adoption, teacher professional development, facilitator support, social marketing campaign, teacher self-efficacy, junior high school students, school-based physical activity intervention
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Faculty, Female, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Male, Motor Activity, School Health Services, Schools, Texas, Exercise, Self Efficacy, Social Marketing
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