Forecasting oral absorption across biopharmaceutics classification system classes with physiologically based pharmacokinetic models
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was (1) to determine how closely physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can predict oral bioavailability using a priori knowledge of drug-specific properties and (2) to examine the influence of the biopharmaceutics classification system class on the simulation success. Methods: Simcyp Simulator, GastroPlus™ and GI-Sim were used. Compounds with published Biowaiver monographs (bisoprolol (BCS I), nifedipine (BCS II), cimetidine (BCS III), furosemide (BCS IV)) were selected to ensure availability of accurate and reproducible data for all required parameters. Simulation success was evaluated with the average fold error (AFE) and absolute average fold error (AAFE). Parameter sensitivity analysis (PSA) to selected parameters was performed. Key findings: Plasma concentration–time profiles after intravenous administration were forecast within an AAFE < 3. The addition of absorption processes resulted in more variability in the prediction of the plasma profiles, irrespective of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class. The reliability of literature permeability data was identified as a key issue in the accuracy of predicting oral drug absorption. Conclusion: For the four drugs studied, it appears that the forecasting accuracy of the PBPK models is related to the BCS class (BCS I > BCS II, BCS III > BCS IV). These results will need to be verified with additional drugs.
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If BCS class is predicted as I and II, mechanistic oral absorption modelling predictions may be straightforward, while class III and IV compounds may be more challenging.
“Thus, if the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) [27] class is predicted as I and II, mechanistic oral absorption modelling predictions may be straightforward, while class III and IV compounds may be more challenging [19, 28, 29].”
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- Authors
- Hansmann, S., Darwich, A., Margolskee, A., Aarons, L., & Dressman, J.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dressman, Jennifer
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-12-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1501-1515
- ISSN
- 0022-3573 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-7158
- OpenAlex
- W2541098240
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Innovative Medicines Initiative (115369)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Keywords
- oral bioavailability, oral drug absorption, Biopharmaceutics Classification System, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, parameter sensitivity analysis, bisoprolol, nifedipine, cimetidine, furosemide, prediction accuracy
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Biological Availability, Biopharmaceutics, Biotransformation, Cimetidine, Computer Simulation, Drug Compounding, Forecasting, Furosemide, Humans, Models, Biological, Nifedipine, Permeability, Reproducibility of Results, Bisoprolol, Administration, Intravenous, Gastrointestinal Absorption
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