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Cited by 6Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyEffects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockAnimal health and immunology

Mineral and glycerol concentrations in drinking water on body weight loss and acid-base balance in feed-deprived Holstein bulls

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Wilms, Juliette N., Carvalho, Isabela P., van Empel, Mireille, Martín‐Tereso, Javier·2023·Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
DOI 10.1111/jpn.13700PMC PMC10084004
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Abstract

Abstract Situations in which cattle are feed‐deprived over extensive periods of time are common in the context of transport and is an animal welfare concern which may also compromise growth and carcass yield grade. This study investigated how the main components of an oral rehydration solution would affect BW loss and blood parameters in feed‐deprived bulls. Three dose–response experiments were performed with 24 bulls each (n = 6 per treatment) to study the effect of mineral concentration in Study I (0, 100, 200 and 300 mOsm/kg), the K+ to Na+ ratio in Study II (25:75, 40:60, 60:40 and 75:25), and glycerol concentration in Study III (0%, 1%, 2% and 4% of the final solution). The blocking factor was initial BW and treatments were randomly assigned within each block. Measurements included fluid intakes, BW, and blood parameters at 0, 24 and 48 h relative to the start of feed deprivation. In Study I, increasing mineral concentration in solution linearly decreased BW losses at 48 h. At 24 and 48 h, serum urea linearly decreased with increasing mineral concentration. At 48 h, blood K+ and Na+ linearly increased, resulting in increased blood osmolarity. Additionally, at 24 h feed deprivation, blood pH linearly increased with increasing osmolality. In Study II, BW losses decreased with increasing K+ to Na+ ratio at 24 h, but not at 48 h. No effect of the K+ to Na+ ratio was found on blood parameters, apart from a trend for a linear decrease of blood osmolarity at 48 h. In Study III, serum urea tended to linearly decrease with increasing glycerol inclusion at 24 h, while blood glucose linearly increased with glycerol inclusion at 24 and 48 h. These combined results indicated that a solution with an osmolality of 200 mOsm/kg and a high K+ to Na+ ratio would effectively mitigate BW losses and maintain blood acid–base balance, whereas high glycerol inclusion sustained blood glucose in feed‐deprived bulls.

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  • In Holstein bulls aged 26 to 30 wk, a high-potassium ORS reduced BW loss and improved maintenance of acid-base balance.

    “Although not transport-specific, another study investigated the effects of feed deprivation in Holstein bulls aged 26 to 30 wk and found that a high-potassium ORS reduced BW loss and improved maintenance of acid-base balance (Wilms et al., 2023).”

    From A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of providing a rest period during long-distance transportation of surplus dairy calves: Part II. Effect on hematological variables (2024) · cites this paper as Wilms et al., 2023

    The Methods describe feed-deprived Holstein bulls with mean ages of 27, 28 and 30 weeks. In Study II, the Results report less body-weight loss with a higher K⁺:Na⁺ ratio at 24 hours, but not at 48 hours. The Study II Discussion says there was no clear effect on acid–base parameters, so the claimed improvement in maintaining acid–base balance is not supported. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Borghese, A. (2005). Buffalo production and research, R. E. U. Technical Series (Vol. 67, pp. 1– 315). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Rome Italy.
  2. McDonald, P. (2002). Animal nutrition. Pearson education.

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Authors
Wilms, J. N., Carvalho, I. P., van Empel, M., & Martín‐Tereso, J.
Affiliations
Trouw Nutrition R&D Amersfoort The Netherlands
Corresponding author
Carvalho, Isabela P.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-03-28
Volume
107
Issue
1
Pages
77-88
ISSN
  • 0931-2439 (ISSN-L)
  • 1439-0396
DOI
10.1111/jpn.13700
PMC
PMC10084004
OpenAlex
W4220695286
Cited by
6
References
38
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
FWCI
1.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
Keywords
feed deprivation, Holstein bulls, weight loss, acid-base balance, oral rehydration solution, mineral content, glycerol, potassium to sodium ratio, blood osmolarity, serum urea, blood glucose, cattle transport, animal welfare
MeSH terms
Acid-Base Equilibrium, Animals, Animal Feed, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Cattle, Diet, Glycerol, Male, Minerals, Sodium, Urea, Weight Loss, Drinking Water

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