The “thinking a lot” idiom of distress and PTSD: an examination of their relationship among traumatized Cambodian refugees using the “thinking a lot” questionnaire
Abstract
“Thinking a lot” (TAL)—also referred to as “thinking too much”—is a key complaint in many cultural contexts, and the current article profiles this idiom of distress among Cambodian refugees. The article also proposes a general model of how TAL generates various types of distress that then cause PTSD‐type psychopathology, a model we refer to as the TAL–PTSD model. As tested in this Cambodian refugee sample, the model is supported by the following: (1) the close connection of TAL to PTSD as shown by odds ratio (OR = 19.6), correlation (r = .86), and factor loading; and (2) the mediation of most of the effect of TAL on PTSD by TAL‐caused somatic symptoms, catastrophic cognitions, trauma recall, insomnia, and irritability. The questionnaire used in the present study is provided and can be used to examine TAL in other cultural and global contexts to advance the study of this commonly encountered distress form. [idioms of distress, “thinking a lot,” “thinking too much,” Cambodian refugees, PTSD]
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Studies in primary care settings have suggested that depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms may be different presentations of a common latent phenomenon and may require common therapeutic approaches.
“Studies in primary care settings have indeed suggested that depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms may be different presentations of a common latent phenomenon 80 and may require common therapeutic approaches, 81 leading some to propose a higher-order category of 'common mental disorders.' 82”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [82]
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- Authors
- Hinton, D. E., Reis, R., & de Jong, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research University of Amsterdam
- Corresponding author
- Hinton, Devon E.
- ORCID
- Reis, Ria
- Venue
- Medical Anthropology Quarterly
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-04-14
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 357-380
- ISSN
- 0745-5194 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-1387
- OpenAlex
- W2132336649
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 6.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medical Anthropology Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, Cambodian refugees, somatic symptoms, catastrophic cognitions, insomnia, irritability, mediation, refugee mental health
- MeSH terms
- Cambodia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Refugees, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Thinking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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