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A critical race analysis of structural and institutional racism: rethinking overseas registered nurses’ recruitment to and working conditions in the United Kingdom
Open accessAbstract
Language tests for overseas registered nurses (ORN) working outside their home country are essential for patient safety, as communication competency needs to be established in any workforce. We argue that the current employment of existing language tests is structurally and institutionally racist and disadvantages ORNs from non-European Union (EU) and non-White countries seeking to work in the United Kingdom. Using Critical Race Theory (CRT), we argue that existing English language tests for ORNs seeking registration in the United Kingdom are discriminatory due to the UK's racist migration policies and a regulatory body for nursing and midwifery that fails to acknowledge and understand its own institutionally racist practices.
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“Another area of research that we have identified in the international literature that is not well represented in our review is related to bias, discrimination, and racism within the context of complaints, investigation, and disciplinary processes [192,235–246].”
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Zulfiqar, S. H., Ryan, N., Berkery, E., O’Donnell, C., Purtill, H., & O’Malley, B. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293828 · Cited by 30
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ugiagbe, I. M., Liu, L. Q., Markowski, M., & Allan, H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Adult Nursing, Child Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Critical Research in Nursing and Midwifery Middlesex University London UK
- Middlesex University London (GB)
- University of Greenwich (GB)
- Venue
- Nursing Inquiry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-07-13
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e12512-e12512
- ISSN
- 1320-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1800
- PMC
- PMC10077904
- OpenAlex
- W4285391718
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 4.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nursing Inquiry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London) (acceptedVersion)
- Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health Workforce Issues
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Social Sciences › Law › Occupational and Professional Licensing Regulation
- Keywords
- structural racism, institutional racism, language tests, English proficiency, nurse recruitment, working conditions, migration policy, critical race theory, nursing regulation, patient safety, communication skills, United Kingdom
- MeSH terms
- Systemic Racism, Working Conditions, United Kingdom, Humans, Nurses, Nurses, International
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- Ugiagbe, I. M., Liu, L. Q., Markowski, M., & Allan, H. (2023). A critical race analysis of structural and institutional racism: rethinking overseas registered nurses’ recruitment to and working conditions in the United Kingdom. Nursing Inquiry. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12512
