Cited by 318Obesity, Physical Activity, DietPhysical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue

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Verheggen, R. J. H. M., Maessen, M. F. H., Green, D. J., Hermus, A. R. M. M., Hopman, M. T. E., Thijssen, D. H. T.·2016·Obesity Reviews

DOI 10.1111/obr.12406

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Abstract

Summary: Exercise training (‘exercise’) and hypocaloric diet (‘diet’) are frequently prescribed for weight loss in obesity. Whilst body weight changes are commonly used to evaluate lifestyle interventions, visceral adiposity (VAT) is a more relevant and stronger predictor for morbidity and mortality. A meta‐analysis was performed to assess the effects of exercise or diet on VAT (quantified by radiographic imaging). Relevant databases were searched through May 2014. One hundred seventeen studies (n = 4,815) were included. We found that both exercise and diet cause VAT loss (P < 0.0001). When comparing diet versus training, diet caused a larger weight loss (P = 0.04). In contrast, a trend was observed towards a larger VAT decrease in exercise (P = 0.08). Changes in weight and VAT showed a strong correlation after diet (R2 = 0.737, P < 0.001), and a modest correlation after exercise (R2 = 0.451, P < 0.001). In the absence of weight loss, exercise is related to 6.1% decrease in VAT, whilst diet showed virtually no change (1.1%). In conclusion, both exercise and diet reduce VAT. Despite a larger effect of diet on total body weight loss, exercise tends to have superior effects in reducing VAT. Finally, total body weight loss does not necessarily reflect changes in VAT and may represent a poor marker when evaluating benefits of lifestyle‐interventions.

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Authors: Verheggen, R. J. H. M., Maessen, M. F. H., Green, D. J., Hermus, A. R. M. M., Hopman, M. T. E., & Thijssen, D. H. T.
Affiliations: Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
The University of Western Australia (AU)
Department of Physiology Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands
Corresponding author: Verheggen, R. J. H. M.
ORCID: Verheggen, R. J. H. M.
Maessen, M. F. H.
Green, D. J.
Hermus, A. R. M. M.
Hopman, M. T. E.
Venue: Obesity Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2016-05-23
Volume: 17
Issue: 8
Pages: 664-690
ISSN: 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
1467-789X
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12406
OpenAlex: W2397931148
Semantic Scholar: 512581ef66a90e4e2c48fe3cbcf7ad8cf5add095
Cited by: 318
References: 145
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 5
FWCI: 3.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: exercise training, hypocaloric diet, visceral adipose tissue, weight loss, obesity, weight loss interventions, lifestyle intervention, visceral fat
MeSH terms: Body Weight, Diet, Reducing, Humans, Obesity, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Caloric Restriction, Adiposity, Overweight

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A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue

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