Does prepregnancy weight change have an effect on subsequent pregnancy health outcomes? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Open accessAbstract
Summary: International guidelines recommend women with an overweight or obese body mass index (BMI) aim to reduce their body weight prior to conception to minimize the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Recent systematic reviews have demonstrated that interpregnancy weight gain increases women's risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes in their subsequent pregnancy. Interpregnancy weight change studies exclude nulliparous women. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted following MOOSE guidelines and summarizes the evidence of the impact of preconception and interpregnancy weight change on perinatal outcomes for women regardless of parity. Sixty one studies met the inclusion criteria for this review and reported 34 different outcomes. We identified a significantly increased risk of gestational diabetes (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.66, 2.14, I 2 = 87.8%), hypertensive disorders (OR 1.46 95% CI 1.12, 1.91, I 2 = 94.9%), preeclampsia (OR 1.92 95% CI 1.55, 2.37, I 2 = 93.6%), and large‐for‐gestational‐age (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.25, 1.49, I 2 = 92.2%) with preconception and interpregnancy weight gain. Interpregnancy weight loss only was significantly associated with increased risk for small‐for‐gestational‐age (OR 1.29 95% CI 1.11, 1.50, I 2 = 89.9%) and preterm birth (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.00, 1.13, I 2 = 22.4%). Our findings illustrate the need for effective preconception and interpregnancy weight management support to improve pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies.
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Women who lost weight between pregnancies were less likely to develop GDM compared with women whose weight remained stable.
“Conversely, women who lost weight between pregnancies were less likely to develop GDM compared with women whose weight remained stable [14].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
Women who gained weight before or between pregnancies were more likely to develop GDM than those whose weight remained stable.
“A recent meta‐analysis reported that women who gained weight before or between pregnancies were more likely to develop GDM than those whose weight remained stable [14].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
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Interpregnancy and pregnancy lifestyle intervention (INTER-ACT): a randomized controlled trial
Bogaerts, A., van Uytsel, H., Ameye, L., Shafran, Y. W., Jacquemyn, Y., Holsbeke, C. V., & Devlieger, R. (2025) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2025.05.041 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Self-citationImpact of interpregnancy weight changes and perinatal outcomes: A retrospective study in Japan
Yamamoto, M., Aoki, S., Shinoda, S., Ishikawa, H., & Miyagi, E. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299794 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Interpregnancy weight change and neonatal and infant outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Martínez‐Hortelano, J. A., González, P. B., Rodríguez‐Rojo, I. C., Garrido‐Miguel, M., de Arenas‐Arroyo, S. N., Sequí‐Domínguez, I., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., & Berlanga‐Macías, C. (2024) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.07.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Obesidad pregestacional y alteraciones del parto
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- Authors
- Nagpal, T. S., Souza, S. C. S., Moffat, M., Hayes, L., Nuyts, T., Liu, R. H., Bogaerts, A., Dervis, S., Piccinini‐Vallis, H., Adamo, K. B., & Heslehurst, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Women's College Hospital (CA)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-10-25
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e13324-e13324
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W3208593849
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2022-08-10)
- Open access
- green
- lirias.kuleuven.be
- Licence
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CDF-2018-11-ST2-011, PDF-2011-04-034)
- Medical Research Council (MR/K02325X/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- pre-pregnancy weight, interpregnancy weight change, perinatal outcomes, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, large for gestational age, small for gestational age, preterm birth, maternal obesity, parity
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Risk Factors, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Premature Birth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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