Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: A product from the ESRC Methods Programme
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Difficulties distinguishing autistic traits from mental health symptoms may lead to delayed or missed autism diagnosis, misdiagnosis and ultimately ineffective treatment and support.
“This may lead to delayed or missed autism diagnosis, misdiagnosis and ultimately ineffective treatment and support.16”
From Approaches to improving mental healthcare for autistic people: Systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
Because identified studies were heterogeneous, the review did not conduct a meta-analysis and instead conducted a narrative synthesis.
“Because identified studies featured heterogeneous population sub-groups, intervention types and outcomes, we did not conduct a meta-analysis. We conducted a narrative synthesis Popay, Roberts (16) and extracted the number of comparisons showing a positive effect and the number of comparisons showing statistically significant effects.”
From The impact of digital interventions on help-seeking behaviour for mental health problems: a systematic literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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“…same phenomenon and build them into a bigger picture, map or mosaic (Hammersley, 2001) or to " tell the story " of studies included in the review (Popay et al., 2006, p. 5) through, for example, describing how they fit within a theoretical framework and the size or direction of any effects found.”
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“Popay et al. (2006) provide a guidance on how narrative synthesis can be conducted in a more systematic and transparent way, focusing on synthesis of evidence on effectiveness of interventions and factors determining the implementation of interventions.”
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“The usefulness of a synthesis will depend on both the quality and the quantity of the evidence base it is built on (Popay et al., 2006).”
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“Instead, the results from included studies were combined into a narrative synthesis to draw conclusions [27].”
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“Analysis and review of literature followed narrative synthesis methodology as described by Popay et al. (2006): (1) Develop a theory of how the intervention works, why and for whom; (2) Develop a preliminary synthesis of findings of included studies; (3) Explore relationships in the data; and (4)…”
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“Methods of Synthesis Based on recommendations for narrative synthesis for systematic reviews, we primarily used tabulation, textual descriptions, and vote counting to summarize the included studies and answer the primary research questions (Popay et al. 2006).”
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“Therefore a narrative analysis was conducted following the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) narrative synthesis guidelines (Popay et al. 2006).”
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“It is used when statistical meta-analytical synthesis is not possible due to study heterogeneity (Popay et al., 2006), as is the case with ATC (de Joode et al., 2010).”
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“This method of analysis involves the systematic review and synthesis of findings from multiple studies that rely primarily on the use of words and text to summarise and explain the findings of the synthesis (Popay et al., 2006, p. 5).”
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“The analysis of the selected 17 articles was conducted according to the narrative synthesis approach (Popay et al. 2006), which consists of four main elements.”
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“Due to the heterogeneity of studies, a descriptive rather than quantitative synthesis of data was conducted (Deeks, Higgins, & Altman, 2008; Popay et al., 2006).”
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“According to Popay et al. (2006), the type of data to be extracted should be based on the review questions.”
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Preconditions for successful advance care planning in nursing homes: A systematic review.
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Cruz, J., Brooks, D., & Marques, A. (2014) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.01.008 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Gondek, D., Edbrooke-Childs, J. H., Fink, E., Deighton, J., & Wolpert, M. (2016) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-015-0710-5 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“Narrative synthesis (Popay et al. 2006) was used to compare the impact of feedback vs. nofeedback on: (1) treatment effectiveness, including measures of symptoms or general functioning (e.g., anxiety or depression), with an additional comparison of not-on-track patients in the feedback condition…”
Baxter, R., Taylor, N., Kellar, I., & Lawton, R. (2015) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004386 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Meade, L. B., Bearne, L. M., Sweeney, L. H., Alageel, S. H., & Godfrey, E. L. (2019) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12324 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Ma, R., Mann, F., Wang, J., Lloyd‐Evans, B., Terhune, J., Al-Shihabi, A., & Johnson, S. (2019) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01800-z · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Breckenridge, K., Bekker, H. L., Gibbons, E., van der Veer, S. N., Abbott, D., Briançon, S., Cullen, R., Garneata, L., Jager, K., Lønning, K., et al. (2015) · Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv209 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Cosa, M., & Torelli, R. (2024) · Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management · doi:10.1007/s40171-024-00409-9 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“This approach helped maintain clarity and coherence, even as we adopted a narrative style to highlight the complex web of research angles, enriching our discussion across multiple dimensions (Popay et al., 2006).”
Hanckel, B., Petticrew, M., Thomas, J., & Green, J. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10926-2 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationCampbell, M., Katikireddi, S. V., Sowden, A., McKenzie, J. E., & Thomson, H. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020064 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationLentz, L. M., Smith-MacDonald, L., Malloy, D., Carleton, R. N., & Brémault-Phillips, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.639781 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Peer support for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review of reviews
Thompson, D. M., Booth, L. R., Moore, D., & Mathers, J. M. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07816-7 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“Synthesis of results A 3-stage narrative synthesis was conducted based on Popay and colleagues’ (2006) guidance [39].”
Shiraishi, N., & Reilly, J. (2019) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-018-1617-8 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Kazan, D., Calear, A. L., & Batterham, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.003 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Baines, R., Bradwell, H., Edwards, K., Stevens, S., Prime, S., Tredinnick‐Rowe, J., Sibley, M., & Chatterjee, A. (2022) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13506 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta ‐ Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 42 and Popay's Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews 43 was conducted.”
Evaluating teachers’ professional development initiatives: towards an extended evaluative framework
Merchie, E., Tuytens, M., Devos, G., & Vanderlinde, R. (2016) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671522.2016.1271003 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“This method, also applied in previous research (e.g. Baeten and Simons 2014; Dochy, Segers, and Buehl 1999), leads to conclusions which are drawn into a comprehensive en coherent interpretation contributed by the researchers’ experience and existing theories (Kirkevold 1997; Popay et al. 2006).”
- Authors
- Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S.
- Venue
- Lancaster University
- Publisher
- Lancaster University
- Published
- 2006
- OpenAlex
- W145325731
- Cited by
- 2,070
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 122 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 294 · 2020: 277 · 2019: 189 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 6.84
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lancaster University eBooks
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- narrative synthesis, systematic reviews, review methodology, research guidance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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