Cited by 48Pediatric Pain Management TechniquesPain Management and Opioid UseChildhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life

Development and validation of the english pain interference index and pain interference index-parent report

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Martin, Staci, Nelson Schmitt, Shawn, Wolters, Pamela L., Abel, Brittany, Toledo-Tamula, Mary Anne, Baldwin, Andrea, Wicksell, Rikard K., Merchant, Melinda +1 more·2015·Pain Medicine

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Measurement of pain interference in children is challenged by a lack of validated measures with a parent proxy report. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Pain Interference Index (PII), a six-item questionnaire originally developed in Swedish, in chronically ill youth. METHODS: We adapted the PII for English-speaking participants and created a parallel parent proxy measure. Respondents indicate how much pain has interfered with the child's life in the past 2 weeks (0-6 scale); higher scores indicate more pain interference. Eligible participants included individuals 6-25 years with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and cancer. Internal consistency was assessed; validity was examined by correlating PII scores with existing measures of pain interference (Modified Brief Pain Inventory [MBPI]) and pain intensity (visual analogue scale [VAS]), and with measures of disease severity. RESULTS: Among 60 participants (mean age 14.7 years, range 6-24) and their parents, PII internal consistency was 0.84 and 0.96, respectively. PII scores correlated with MBPI (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001) and VAS (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001) scores and differentiated between patients with mild vs moderate/severe NF1 disease severity (P < 0.05). The PII-Parent was significantly correlated with the mothers' and fathers' VAS rating of the child's pain intensity (Ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Internal consistency of the English PII is high; validity is supported by the PII's correlations with other measures of pain interference and pain intensity, and with disease severity in patients with NF1. Preliminary data indicate that the English PII is a reliable, valid, feasible pain interference measure for youth with NF1 and cancer.

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  1. [25]Martin S, Nelson Schmitt S, Wolters PL, Initial Validation of the Pain Interference Index in youth with neurofibromatosis type 1. Children’s Tumor Foundation NF Conference; Monterey, CA; 2013.

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Authors
Martin, S., Nelson Schmitt, S., Wolters, P. L., Abel, B., Toledo-Tamula, M. A., Baldwin, A., Wicksell, R. K., Merchant, M., & Widemann, B.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author
Martin, Staci
Venue
Pain Medicine
Published
2015-02
Volume
16
Issue
2
Pages
367-373
ISSN
  • 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
  • 1526-4637
OpenAlex
W2171223482
Cited by
48
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4
FWCI
2.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pain Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (HHSN261200800001C)
  • National Cancer Institute (Z01SC010354, HHSN261200800001E))
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
Keywords
pain interference, pediatric chronic pain, parent proxy reporting, neurofibromatosis type 1, childhood cancer, psychometric validation, English-language adaptation, pain intensity, disease severity, internal consistency
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Pain Measurement, Parents, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult

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