Effect of university students’ sedentary behavior on stress, anxiety, and depression
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: We identified the effect of sedentary behavior on stress, anxiety, and depression among Korean university students. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected from 244 students using self-reported sitting time, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. FINDINGS: Mean sitting time was 7.96 h per day. As sitting hours increased, university students' stress, anxiety, and depression significantly increased despite controlling for sex, economic level, body mass index, underlying disease, and health self-management. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Intervention programs that reduce sedentary behavior and improve physical activity and mental health for university students are necessary.
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The current review revealed a negative, however, non-significant and meaningless relationship between PA and stress pooled over included studies in university students.
“Paralleling the results of Nguyen-Michel and colleagues [10], the current review revealed a negative, however, non-significant and meaningless relationship between PA and stress pooled over included studies in university students.”
From The Tridirectional Relationship among Physical Activity, Stress, and Academic Performance in University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
The Methods (Instruments) measure sitting time, not physical activity, and the Results (Table 3) report an association between sedentary behavior and stress in this study, not a pooled physical-activity–stress estimate. A search for Nguyen-Michel and for a nonsignificant physical-activity–stress relationship found no passage addressing the result invoked by the citing sentence. The review’s own pooled conclusion is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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“Increased sedentary time has also been significantly associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among college students (10).”
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Kaya, Y., Güç, E., Şimşek, B. K., & Cesur‐Atintaş, M. (2021) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12921 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Effects of physical activity on the mood states of young students
Gaia, J. W. P., Ferreira, R. W., & Pires, D. A. (1989) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v32i1.3233 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dalton, E. D. (2020) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1752218 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Additionally, there are well-established risks of physical inactivity among college students, whereas regular engagement in physical activity has many positive associations and benefits.(10) For example, college students meeting recommendations for levels of vigorous physical activity are less likely to report poor me…”
BackgroundResultProfiling Physical Fitness of Physical Education Majors Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
Bonilla, D. A., Rojas, I. A. S., Romero, D. M., Moreno, Y., Kočí, J., Gómez-Miranda, L. M., Rojas‐Valverde, D., Petro, J. L., & Kreider, R. B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010146 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“A high prevalence of sedentary behavior in university students of different majors has been reported which affects the diverse aspects of wellbeing and might result even in depression [5] or being overweight [6].”
BackgroundLinking sedentary behavior and mental distress in higher education: a cross-sectional study
Subirón‐Valera, A. B., Rodríguez‐Roca, B., Calatayud, E., Gómez‐Soria, I., Andrade-Gómez, E., & Marcén-Román, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205837 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Time spent at university is critical for students to establish a lifestyle for adult life (Lee and Kim, 2018), based on continuous changes where healthy habits and future adult patterns are developed (World Health Organization, 2018).”
BackgroundGoncalves, A., Deshayes, M., Gisclard, B., Philippe, A. G., Bernal, C. M. M., Krawczyk, S., Korchi, K., Nogrette, M., & Charbonnier, É. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15132913 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Given the students’ low engagement in university PA programs [22] and the marked deterioration in their lifestyle (notably lower PA and higher SB) during the pandemic, posing a risk to both their physical [23] and mental [24,25] health, the present study tested the effectiveness for the health of a PA program co-const…”
BackgroundSun, D., Zhu, X., & Bao, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1296154 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“College students experience significant increases in stress, anxiety, and depression due to prolonged exposure to sedentary behaviors such as studying, computer games, smartphones, and television (Buckworth and Nigg, 2004; Lee and Kim, 2019).”
Movement behaviours and anxiety symptoms in Chinese college students: A compositional data analysis
Chao, L., Ma, R., & Jiang, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.952728 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Many researchers have found that with increasing sedentary behaviours hours, college students tend to experience a rising level of anxiety (Lee and Kim, 2019; Chen and Yan, 2020; Shen et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2022).”
BackgroundKosendiak, A. A., Adamczak, B. B., Kontek, S., Kuźnik, Z., Roman, M., Gostkowski, M., & Niedziółka, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032406 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Therefore, many students developed harmful coping mechanisms, in many cases leading to increased addictive behaviors and even further decreased frequency of physical activity [17,19,20].”
BackgroundLister, K., Andrews, K., Buxton, J., Douce, C., & Seale, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1076985 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Studies have found that studying, academic pressure, university culture and systems may be affecting students’ mental health (Tinklin et al., 2005; Brown, 2016; Ribeiro et al., 2018; Winzer et al., 2018; Lee and Kim, 2019); for example, Tinklin et al.”
BackgroundSelf-System Mediates the Effect of Physical Activity on Students’ Anxiety: A study from Canada
Kayani, S., Wang, J., Kayani, S., Kiyani, T., Qiao, Z., Zou, X., & Imran, M. (2020) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-020-00530-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hassan, A., & Deshun, Z. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01362-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In Korea, the average is approximately 8 h [6].”
BackgroundLister, K., Riva, E., Hartley, A., Waterhouse, P., Moller, N. P., Downes, J., Coughlan, T., Kukulska‐Hulme, A., McPherson, E., Macdonald, I. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Interactive Media in Education · doi:10.5334/jime.831 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pisula, E., Płatos, M., Banasiak, A., Danielewicz, D., Gosztyła, T., Podgórska-Jachnik, D., Pyszkowska, A., Rumińska, A., & Winczura, B. (2024) · Oficyna Wydawnicza "Impuls" eBooks · doi:10.62634/9788382943139 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Clinchamps, M., Bibily, C., Bouillon‐Minois, J., Ugbolue, U. C., Trousselard, M., Pereira, B., & Dutheil, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1392365 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effects of Social Robotics in Promoting Physical Activity in the Shared Workspace
Ren, X., Guo, Z., Huang, A., Li, Y., Xu, X., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14074006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sedentary Behavior and Risk of Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
Li, Q., Zhao, Z., Yang, C., Chen, Z., & Yin, W. (2024) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v53i2.14914 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ahsan, M., & Abualait, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1546002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Zhao, S., Zhao, S., Hua, Z. X., Ke, Y., Yang, W., & Lei, M. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s508382 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“14,15 However, a review by Suchert et al 16 concluded that the relationship between sedentary behavior and mental health indicators remains somewhat ambiguous, necessitating further investigation into how sedentary behavior influences psychological outcomes and sleep quality.”
Implementation of PERMA Model into Teaching and Learning of Generation Z
Khalid, N. M., Senom, F., Muhamad, A. S., Mansor, N. M. F., & Saleh, N. H. (2023) · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research · doi:10.26803/ijlter.22.9.23 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Brandau, M., Vogt, M. A., & Garey, M. L. (2022) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v15n3p14 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“In addition, the increased sedentary lifestyle and isolation associated with distance learning may result in stress, anxiety, loneliness, and other mental health concerns (Araujo, deLima, Cidade, Nobre, & Neto 2020; Lee & Kim 2019; Weinstein, Koehmstedt, & Kop, 2017).”
BackgroundDemenech, L. M., Fernandes, S. S., Paulitsch, R. G., & Dumith, S. C. (2021) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0228 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ansari, W. E., & Salam, A. (2021) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a6813 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kaya, Y., Güç, E., Şimşek, B. K., & Nilüfer, U. Y. A. R. (2022) · Humanistic Perspective · doi:10.47793/hp.1036412 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Zheng, K., Zheng, J., Kong, L., Gu, J., & Huang, T. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2022.0373 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kosendiak, A. A., Wysocki, M., Krysiński, P., Kuźnik, Z., & Adamczak, B. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1249509 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jackson, S. E., Firth, J., Grabovac, I., Koyanagi, A., Stubbs, B., Soysal, P., Willmott, A. G. B., Yang, L., & Smith, L. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104375 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…that greater sedentary time may be associated with increased levels of perceived stress (An et al., 2015; Ashdown-Franks et al., 2018; Ellingson et al., 2018; Fang et al., 2014; Lee and Kim, 2018; Mouchacca et al., 2013), although there have been inconsistent findings (Rosenberg et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultA confirmatory factor analysis of the beck anxiety inventory in Latinx primary care patients
Benuto, L. T., Zimmermann, M., Gonzalez, F. R., & Rodríguez, A. C. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2020.1812833 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yan, W., Nie, M., Ma, R., Guo, Q., & Li, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1463108 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kellner, M., Dold, C., & Lohkamp, M. (2023) · Journal of Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-023-00735-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Geller, K. S., Capito, A. M., & Marsh, Z. T. (2024) · MOJ Sports Medicine · doi:10.15406/mojsm.2024.07.00154 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, L., Xian, X., Hu, J., Liu, M., Cao, Y., Dai, W., Tang, Q., Han, W., Qin, Z., Wang, Z., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36564 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Therefore, college students are in this stage, so their mental health has become an urgent problem that cannot be ignored [31].”
BackgroundIntroducing Copula as a Novel Statistical Method in Psychological Analysis
Dehghani, E., Ranjbar, S. H., Atashafrooz, M., Negarestani, H., Mosavi, A. H., & Kovács, L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157972 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Silişteanu, S. C., Silișteanu, A. E., Antonescu, O. R., & DUICA, L. C. (2021) · Balneo and PRM Research Journal · doi:10.12680/balneo.2021.474 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Students who exercise reduce the effects of stress, improve sleep quality and emotional state, in comparison to students who do not do any physical activity (28,35).”
BackgroundBazanova, O. M., & Kovaleva, A. V. (2022) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119722020025 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Effects of Externally Paced Exercise on Executive Function and Stress in College-Aged Students
Douris, P. C., Cottone, J., Cruz, P., Frosos, N., Marino, C., Singamenggala, L., Shapiro, J., Sousa, A., Handrakis, J. P., & DiFrancisco‐Donoghue, J. (2022) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-022-00173-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
To move or not to move while on campus: Examining the influence of others
Anderson, K. J., Spink, K. S., & Bhargava, S. (2022) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2022.2058880 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“11 Further, reducing sedentary behavior, even with light-intensity activities (i.e., between 1.5 and 3 METs), provides health benefits.”
BackgroundInfluentialYang, Q., Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Zheng, D., & Tang, S. (2024) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-024-01869-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“As sitting hours increased, university students’ stress, anxiety, and depression significantly increased despite controlling for sex, economic level, body mass index, underlying disease, and health self-management [25].”
BackgroundAlsulaiman, S. H., & Abu-Saris, R. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.19413 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This study supports evidence from recent studies, which showed that as sitting time increases, levels of stress, anxiety, and depression increase among college students [29-30].”
ResultShibata, M., Fujibayashi, M., Shibata, S., Kuzuhara, K., & Tanida, K. (2024) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1777777 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Furthermore, a study on the relationship between sedentary behavior and mental health in 244 university students 18 showed that increased sedentary time was associated with increased stress, anxiety, and depression.”
BackgroundKim, L. H., Saha, G., Leon, A. A., King, A. C., Mauriello, M. L., & Paredes, P. E. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/35447 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Various studies have been conducted to assess the damage such sedentary behavior can induce to overall health, including increased risks for stress, anxiety, depression, premature mortality, and decreased telomere length, a biological measure associated with longevity [3-6].”
BackgroundThe Effects of a Guided Mindful Walk on Mental Health in University Students
Burdick, A. A. V., & Camhi, S. M. (2024) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/xxrm5481 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…of physical activity and increased sedentary behavior can negatively impact physical health by increasing risk for obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes while also negatively influencing mental health such as increasing anxiety, depression, stress, and loneliness (7, 19, 23, 24, 26, 29).”
BackgroundSavage, M. J., Magistro, D., Hennis, P. J., Donaldson, J., Healy, L. C., Hunter, K. A., & James, R. M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0298134 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hawas, Y., Ayoub, M., Esmail, E., Elsakka, M. M., Antonios, M., Azeez, A., Gahlan, S., Hamadein, F., Alabdallat, Y. J., and for MRGE group, et al. (2024) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2024.2434001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Perceived stress and long wakefulness due to academic pressure may contribute to these symptoms (Lee & Kim, 2019).”
Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios
Hurtado, W. A. J., Torres, N. C., Carpio, V. C., Amores, F. B. C., & Medina, F. P. E. (2023) · LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.56712/latam.v4i3.1126 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Navigation in immersive virtual reality: a comparison of 1:1 walking to 1:1 wheeling
Weser, V. U., Sieberer, J., Berry, J., & Tuakli‐Wosornu, Y. A. (2023) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-023-00901-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…and prolonged sitting, it would be important to explicitly encourage standing breaks and other forms of light-intensity physical activity at regular intervals for those engaged in VE exploration using a manual wheelchair (Wu et al. 2022; Hoare et al. 2016; Magnon et al. 2018; Lee and Kim 2019).”
Hua, Z. X., Li, C., Zhang, L., Wang, T., Cai, Z., & Lei, M. (2024) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s462836 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“19 The aforementioned findings offer valuable insights for designing tailored interventions and treatments to combat depression, while taking into account the various factors that could influence mental health.”
BackgroundGender Differences and Relationships among Lifestyle and Reproductive Health in University Students
Nho, J., & Kim, H. S. (2019) · Korean journal of women health nursing/Yeoseong geon'gang ganho hag'hoeji/Yeoseong geon-gang ganho hakoeji · doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.4.446 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Relationship between physical activity and risk of depression in a married group
Ni, R. J., & Yu, Y. W.-Y. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18339-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Shen, H., Li, X., Zhai, J., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1435891 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Signorini, G., Scurati, R., Bosio, A., Maestri, G., Rigon, M., Trecroci, A., & Invernizzi, P. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254767 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“These occupations are also associated with worse mental health and with an increased risk of developing depression, anxiety and dementia (Teychenne et al., 2010, 2015; Lee and Kim, 2019; Yan et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKim, S. R., Nho, J., & Kim, H. Y. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22357 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Janson, M. A., Felix, E. D., Jaramillo, N., Sharkey, J. D., & Barnett, M. L. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14090787 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The GAD-7 is a reliable and valid instrument for accurately assessing generalized anxiety disorder symptoms in university students [62] and demonstrates strong criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity [61].”
BackgroundPerceived physical literacy instruments for sports club coaches: further differentiated validation
Fu, J., Zhang, W., Cao, B., Yu, H., & Li, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1589408 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…al., 2012) underpins both the public health function and social configuration of PL. Sedentary behavior (Zhang et al., 2023) and physical inactivity (Lee and Kim, 2018) may lead to obesity, with more than 34.3% of adults in China being overweight and an obesity prevalence of 16.4%(Pan et al.,…”
Influential
- Authors
- Lee, E., & Kim, Y.
- Affiliations
- Hoseo University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Yujeong
- Venue
- Perspectives in Psychiatric Care
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-05-24
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 164-169
- ISSN
- 0031-5990 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6163
- PMC
- PMC7818186
- OpenAlex
- W2804398774
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 7.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Perspectives In Psychiatric Care (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (No. 2017R1C1B5075783)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, sitting time, university students, stress, anxiety, depression, mental health, physical activity, Korean students
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Psychological, Students, Universities, Exercise, Logistic Models, Young Adult, Republic of Korea, Sedentary Behavior, Self Report
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