Morality in Groups: On the Social‐Regulatory Functions of Right and Wrong
Abstract
Applying what we know about group‐based identities and concerns allows us to improve our understanding of the ways in which morality is relevant to social judgments of right and wrong. We distinguish between three different social functions of moral standards and moral judgments. The identity defining function of morality indicates where people want to belong, and how they are regarded by others. The group dynamic function indicates consensual definitions of what is right and wrong that guide individual behavioral choices. The intergroup relations function of group morality, speaks to the way people tend to communicate with and behave towards members of other groups that have different moral standards.
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Mechanisms of social enforcement encourage people to embrace and internalize shared guidelines, making them motivated to do what is considered right while avoiding behaviours that seem wrong, and do not rely on legal agreements and formal sanctions.
“These mechanisms of social enforcement encourage people to embrace and internalize shared guidelines, making them motivated to do what is considered right while avoiding behaviours that seem wrong 164 , and do not rely on legal agreements and formal sanctions 165 .”
From Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020) · cites this paper as [165]
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van Nunspeet, F., Derks, B., Ellemers, N., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614548076 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationMoscatelli, S., Menegatti, M., Albarello, F., Felicia Pratto, B., & Rubini, M. (2018) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12504 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
In- and out-groups across cultures: Identities and perceived group values
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Ekici, H., Yücel, E., & Cesur, S. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01941-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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Soral, W., & Kofta, M. (2020) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000410 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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The influence of war on moral judgments about harm
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Leader’s morality, prototypicality, and followers’ reactions
Giannella, V. A., Pagliaro, S., & Barreto, M. (2022) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101596 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Greenland, K., West, K., & van Laar, C. (2022) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12902 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Bad apples or corrupting barrels? Preventing traders’ misconduct
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Self-citationGiner‐Sorolla, R., Hilton, D., Erb, H., Durante, F., Flaßbeck, C., Fülöp, É., Mari, S., Petrović, N., Sekerdej, M., Studzińska, A., et al. (2020) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12450 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Helping the ingroup versus harming the outgroup: Evidence from morality-based groups
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Eckerle, F., Rothers, A., Kutlaca, M., Henss, L., Agunyego, W., & Cohrs, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104492 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tang, S., Shepherd, S., & Kay, A. C. (2023) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.3001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Group-Based Biases in Moral Judgment: The Role of Shifting Moral Standards
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Religious values and consumer behavior
Aglozo, E. Y., & Cohen, A. B. (2025) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1464 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
When moral identity harms: The impact of perceived differences in core values on helping and hurting
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Curșeu, P. L., Fodor, O. C., Pavelea, A., & Meslec, N. (2020) · Business Ethics A European Review · doi:10.1111/beer.12292 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Social Robotics and Synthetic Ethics: A Methodological Proposal for Research
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Unraveling moral and emotional discourses on social media: a study of three cases
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Khan, S. R. (2021) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2549 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Does competence or morality mainly drive self-esteem? It depends on general system justification
Liang, Y., Tan, X., Dang, J., Wei, C., Gu, Z., & Liu, L. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104207 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Strömmer, S., Sivaramakrishnan, D., Shaw, S., Morrison, K., Barrett, M., Manner, J., Jenner, S., Hughes, T., Hardy‐Johnson, P., Andreas, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12755-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Divide and conquer? Identity, threat, and moral justification of violence at the G20
Ferris, L. J., Radke, H. R. M., Walter, Z. C., & Crimston, C. R. (2019) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12249 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The emergence of moral alignment within human groups is facilitated by interbrain synchrony
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Mashuri, A., van Leeuwen, E., & van Vugt, M. (2018) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12261 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chopova, T., & Ellemers, N. (2022) · Business Ethics the Environment & Responsibility · doi:10.1111/beer.12472 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Self-citationNavigating the social world: Shared horizontal and vertical evaluative dimensionsPreprint
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Self-citationCrimston, C. R., Jetten, J., & Selvanathan, H. P. (2024) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302231223896 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Amit, A., & Venzhik, E. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241262367 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Morality as Fuel for Violence? Disentangling the Role of Religion in Violent Conflict
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Culture points the moral compass: Shared basis of culture and morality
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Agreement as the convergence of will: A consensualistic approach to negotiation
Arvanitis, A. (2015) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2014.12.002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Täuber, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53026-0_11 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Motives for Punishing Powerful Vs. Powerless Offenders: The Mediating Role of Demonization
Fousiani, K., & van Prooijen, J. (2022) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2022.2069899 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ellemers, N., & van den Bos, K.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- ORCID
- Ellemers, Naomi
- Venue
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 878-889
- ISSN
- 1751-9004 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1594248649
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 18.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social and Personality Psychology Compass (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Keywords
- moral judgment, social regulation, group identity, social belonging, intergroup relations, moral norms, social norms, group dynamics
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