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Cited by 785

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ion diffusion modified by tortuosity and volume fraction in the extracellular microenvironment of the rat cerebellum.

Open access
Nicholson, C, Phillips, J M·1981·The Journal of Physiology
DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013981
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Abstract

1. The validity of the macroscopic laws of ion diffusion was critically examined within the microenvironment of the extracellular space in the rat cerebellum using ion‐selective micropipettes and ionophoretic point sources. 2. The concepts of volume averaging, volume fraction (alpha) and tortuosity (lambda) were defined and shown to be theoretically appropriate for quantifying diffusion in a complex medium such as the brain. 3. Diffusion studies were made with the cations tetramethylammonium and tetraethylammonium and the anions alpha‐naphthalene sulphonate and hexafluoro‐arsenate, all of which remained essentially extracellular during the measurements. Diffusion parameters were measured for a period of 50s and over distances of the order of 0.1 mm. 4. Measurements of the diffusion coefficients of the ions in agar gel gave values that were very close to those derivable from the literature, thus confirming the validity of the method. 5. Measurements in the cerebellum did not reveal any systematic influences of ionophoretic current strength, electrode separation, anisotropy, inhomogeneity, charge discrimination or uptake, within the limits tested. 6. The pooled data from measurements with all the ions gave alpha = 0.21 +/‐ 0.02 (mean +/‐ S.E. of mean) and lambda = 1.55 +/‐ 0.05 (mean +/‐ S.E. of mean). 7. These results show that the extracellular space occupies about 20% of the rat cerebellum and that the diffusion coefficient for small monovalent extracellular ions is reduced by a factor of 2.4 (i.e. lambda 2) without regard to charge sign. The over‐all effect of this is to increase the apparent strength of any ionic source in the cerebellum by a factor of lambda 2/alpha, about 12‐fold in the present case, and to modify the time course of diffusion. 8. These conclusions confirm that the laws of macroscopic diffusion are closely obeyed in the cerebellum for small ions in the extracellular space, provided that volume fraction and tortuosity are explicitly taken into account. It is likely that these conclusions are generally applicable to other brain regions and other diffusing substances.

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Metadata

Authors
Nicholson, C., & Phillips, J. M.
Venue
The Journal of Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1981-12
Volume
321
Issue
1
Pages
225-257
ISSN
  • 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7793
DOI
10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013981
OpenAlex
W2114415505
Cited by
785
References
38
FWCI
4.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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