Cited by 403Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Human muscle strength training: the effects of three different regimens and the nature of the resultant changes.

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Jones, D A, Rutherford, O M·1987·The Journal of Physiology

DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016721PMC PMC1192197

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Abstract

1. Increases in strength and size of the quadriceps muscle have been compared during 12 weeks of either isometric or dynamic strength training. 2. Isometric training of one leg resulted in a significant increase in force (35 +/‐ 19%, mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6) with no change in the contralateral untrained control leg. 3. Quadriceps cross‐sectional area was measured from mid‐thigh X‐ray computerized tomography (c.t.) scans before and after training. The increase in area (5 +/‐ 4.6%, mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6) was smaller than, and not correlated with, the increase in strength. 4. The possibility that the stimulus for gain in strength is the high force developed in the muscle was examined by comparing two training regimes, one where the muscle shortened (concentric) and the other where the muscle was stretched (eccentric) during the training exercise. Forces generated during eccentric training were 45% higher than during concentric training. 5. Similar changes in strength and muscle cross‐sectional area were found after the two forms of exercise. Eccentric exercise increased isometric force by 11 +/‐ 3.6% (mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6), and concentric training by 15 +/‐ 8.0% (mean +/‐ S.D., n = 6). In both cases there was an approximate 5% increase in cross‐sectional area. 6. It is concluded that as a result of strength training the main change in the first 12 weeks is an increase in the force generated per unit cross‐sectional area of muscle. The stimulus for this is unknown but comparison of the effects of eccentric and concentric training suggest it is unlikely to be solely mechanical stress or metabolic fluxes in the muscle.

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Authors: Jones, D. A., & Rutherford, O. M.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
ORCID: Jones, D A
Venue: The Journal of Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1987-10
Volume: 391
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-11
ISSN: 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
1469-7793
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016721
PMC: PMC1192197
OpenAlex: W2106146052
Cited by: 403
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 5.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: resistance training, quadriceps, isometric training, dynamic training, eccentric training, concentric training, muscle cross-sectional area, muscle hypertrophy, training stimulus
MeSH terms: Action Potentials, Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Leg, Male, Muscles, Physical Education and Training, Weight Lifting

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Human muscle strength training: the effects of three different regimens and the nature of the resultant changes.

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