A preliminary assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion resources
Abstract
Worldwide power resources that could be extracted from Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plants are estimated with a simple one-dimensional time-domain model of the thermal structure of the ocean. Recently published steady-state results are extended by partitioning the potential OTEC production region in one-degree-by-one-degree “squares” and by allowing the operational adjustment of OTEC operations. This raises the estimated maximum steady-state OTEC electrical power from about 3TW(109kW) to 5TW. The time-domain code allows a more realistic assessment of scenarios that could reflect the gradual implementation of large-scale OTEC operations. Results confirm that OTEC could supply power of the order of a few terawatts. They also reveal the scale of the perturbation that could be caused by massive OTEC seawater flow rates: a small transient cooling of the tropical mixed layer would temporarily allow heat flow into the oceanic water column. This would generate a long-term steady-state warming of deep tropical waters, and the corresponding degradation of OTEC resources at deep cold seawater flow rates per unit area of the order of the average abyssal upwelling. More importantly, such profound effects point to the need for a fully three-dimensional modeling evaluation to better understand potential modifications of the oceanic thermohaline circulation.
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The potential for ocean thermal energy is estimated to be 44,000 TWh per year.
“The potential for this energy is estimated to be 44,000 TWh per year.61”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [61]
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Hammad, F. K., Rochaddi, B., Purwanto, P., & Susmoro, H. (2020) · Indonesian Journal of Oceanography · doi:10.14710/ijoce.v2i2.8058 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ma, Q., He, G., Li, J., Wu, Z., Lu, H., Wang, C., & Wang, S. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.138105 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Climate-driven resource, cost and resilience assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion systems
Saadha, A., Ishihara, K. N., Ogawa, T., & Okumura, H. (2025) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120599 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Nihous, G. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nihous, Gérard C.
- Venue
- Journal of Energy Resources Technology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-07-07
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-17
- ISSN
- 0195-0738 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-8994
- OpenAlex
- W2080717194
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Energy Resources Technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
- Keywords
- ocean thermal energy conversion, thermohaline circulation
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