Autofluorescence removal, multiplexing, and automated analysis methods for in-vivo fluorescence imaging
Open accessAbstract
The ability to image and quantitate fluorescently labeled markers in vivo has generally been limited by autofluorescence of the tissue. Skin, in particular, has a strong autofluorescence signal, particularly when excited in the blue or green wavelengths. Fluorescence labels with emission wavelengths in the near-infrared are more amenable to deep-tissue imaging, because both scattering and autofluorescence are reduced as wavelengths are increased, but even in these spectral regions, autofluorescence can still limit sensitivity. Multispectral imaging (MSI), however, can remove the signal degradation caused by autofluorescence while adding enhanced multiplexing capabilities. While the availability of spectral "libraries" makes multispectral analysis routine for well-characterized samples, new software tools have been developed that greatly simplify the application of MSI to novel specimens.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The lung can be driven into pathological conditions by external stimuli including smoke exposure and viral infections.
“The lung can be driven into pathological conditions by a variety of external stimuli, including smoke exposure64 and viral infections65,71.”
From Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
The Introduction discusses fluorescence imaging, and Methodology discusses imaging mice; neither addresses lung pathology. Searches for smoke exposure and viral infection found no passage linking either to pathological lung conditions. In the citing sentence, this source appears to be cited for viral infections, but our copy does not address that point. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Solving Least Squares Problems
Lawson, C. L., & Hanson, R. J. (1995) · doi:10.1137/1.9781611971217 · Cited by 7,103 · see citing works
In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots
Gao, X., Cui, Y., Levenson, R. M., Chung, L. W. K., & Nie, S. (2004) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt994 · Cited by 4,775 · see citing works
Self-citationShedding light onto live molecular targets
Weissleder, R., & Ntziachristos, V. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0103-123 · Cited by 1,902 · see citing works
N-FINDR: an algorithm for fast autonomous spectral end-member determination in hyperspectral data
Winter, M. E. (1999) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.366289 · Cited by 1,416 · see citing works
Spectral imaging and its applications in live cell microscopy
Zimmermann, T., Rietdorf, J., & Pepperkok, R. (2003) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00521-0 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Whole-body optical imaging of green fluorescent protein-expressing tumors and metastases
Yang, M., Baranov, E., Jiang, P., Sun, F., Li, X., Li, L., Hasegawa, S., Bouvet, M., Al-Tuwaijri, M., Chishima, T., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.3.1206 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Troy, T., Jekic-McMullen, D., Sambucetti, L., & Rice, B. (2004) · Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1162/153535004773861688 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Dickinson, M. E., Bearman, G. H., Tille, S., Lansford, R. D., & Fraser, S. E. (2001) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/01316bt01 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
In vivofluorescence imaging for tissue diagnostics
Andersson‐Engels, S., af Klinteberg, C., Svanberg, K., & Svanberg, S. R. (1997) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/42/5/006 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Haaland, D. M., Easterling, R. G., & Vopicka, D. A. (1985) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1366/0003702854249376 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Choy, G., Choyke, P. L., & Libutti, S. K. (2003) · Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1162/153535003322750646 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Fluorescence Molecular Imaging of Small Animal Tumor Models
Graves, E. E., Weissleder, R., & Ntziachristos, V. (2004) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/1566524043360555 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Comparison of noninvasive fluorescent and bioluminescent small animal optical imaging
Choy, G., O’Connor, S., Diehn, F. E., Costouros, N. G., Alexander, H. R., Choyke, P. L., & Libutti, S. K. (2003) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/03355rr02 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Non-invasive image acquisition and advanced processing in optical bioimaging
Farkas, D. L., Du, C., Fisher, G. W., et al. (1998) · Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics · doi:10.1016/s0895-6111(98)00011-1 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The nature of the chromophore responsible for naturally occurring fluorescence in mouse skin
Weagle, G. E., Paterson, P. E., Kennedy, J. C., & Pottier, R. (1988) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/1011-1344(88)85051-6 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Autofluorescence characteristics of healthy oral mucosa at different anatomical sites
de Veld, D. C. G., Skurichina, M., Witjes, M. J. H., et al. (2003) · Lasers in Surgery and Medicine · doi:10.1002/lsm.10185 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Advancing Molecular Therapies through In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging
McCaffrey, A. P., Kay, M. A., & Contag, C. H. (2003) · Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1162/153535003322331966 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Feasibility of in Vivo Multichannel Optical Imaging of Gene Expression: Experimental Study in Mice
Mahmood, U., Tung, C., Tang, Y., et al. (2002) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2242011589 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Exploratory multivariate spectroscopic study on human skin
Lauridsen, R. K., Everland, H., Nielsen, L. F., Engelsen, S. B., & Nørgaard, L. (2003) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0846.2003.00014.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Imaging tumor angiogenesis with fluorescent proteins
Hoffman, R. M. (2004) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11207-0806.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ferraro, M. C. F., Castellano, P. M., & Kaufman, T. S. (2003) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-003-2185-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
A recipe for the preparation of a rodent food that eliminates chlorophyll-based tissue fluorescence
Holmes, H., Kennedy, J. C., Pottier, R., Rossi, F., & Weagle, G. E. (1995) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/1011-1344(95)90099-3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Imaging tumor angiogenesis with fluorescent proteins
Hoffman, R. M. (2004) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.t01-1-apm11207-0805.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Noninvasive Fluorescent Imaging Reliably Estimates Biomass In Vivo
Diehn, F. E., Costouros, N. G., Miller, M. S., et al. (2002) · BioTechniques · doi:10.2144/02336st02 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Development of visible and near-IR LCTF-based spectroscopic imaging systems for macroscopic samples
Mansfield, J. R., Sowa, M. G., & Mantsch, H. H. (2000) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.379588 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- G. Bearman and R. Levenson, in Biomedical Photonics Handbook, T. Vo-Dinh, Ed., pp. 8_1-8_26, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL ͑2003͒.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo
Ogrodnik, M., Carlos Acosta, J., Adams, P. D., d’Adda di Fagagna, F., Baker, D. J., Bishop, C. L., Chandra, T., Collado, M., Gil, J., Gorgoulis, V., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.059 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Bravo, J. J., Olson, J. D., Davis, S. C., Roberts, D. W., Paulsen, K. D., & Kanick, S. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09727-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The role of tissue fluorescence in <i>in vivo</i> optical bioimaging
Lifante, J., Shen, Y., Ximendes, E., Martín Rodríguez, E., & Ortgies, D. H. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0021854 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mansfield, J. R., Gossage, K. W., Hoyt, C. C., & Levenson, R. M.
- Affiliations
- CRI Inc.
- University of Arizona (US)
- Cambridge Research and Instrumentation, Inc.
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Optics
- Publisher
- SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- Published
- 2005-07-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 1083-3668 (ISSN-L)
- 1560-2281
- OpenAlex
- W1988987966
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 16.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Emory University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- multispectral imaging, in vivo fluorescence imaging, skin autofluorescence, near-infrared fluorescence, deep tissue imaging, spectral library, automated image analysis, tissue scattering
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Neoplasm Proteins, Prostatic Neoplasms, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Artifacts, Phantoms, Imaging, Quantum Dots, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
