Postexercise Glycogen Recovery and Exercise Performance is Not Significantly Different Between Fast Food and Sport Supplements
Abstract
A variety of dietary choices are marketed to enhance glycogen recovery after physical activity. Past research informs recommendations regarding the timing, dose, and nutrient compositions to facilitate glycogen recovery. This study examined the effects of isoenergetic sport supplements (SS) vs. fast food (FF) on glycogen recovery and exercise performance. Eleven males completed two experimental trials in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Each trial included a 90-min glycogen depletion ride followed by a 4-hr recovery period. Absolute amounts of macronutrients (1.54 ± 0.27 g·kg-1 carbohydrate, 0.24 ± 0.04 g·kg fat-1, and 0.18 ± 0.03g·kg protein-1) as either SS or FF were provided at 0 and 2 hr. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis at 0 and 4 hr post exercise. Blood samples were analyzed at 0, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, and 240 min post exercise for insulin and glucose, with blood lipids analyzed at 0 and 240 min. A 20k time-trial (TT) was completed following the final muscle biopsy. There were no differences in the blood glucose and insulin responses. Similarly, rates of glycogen recovery were not different across the diets (6.9 ± 1.7 and 7.9 ± 2.4 mmol·kg wet weight- 1·hr-1 for SS and FF, respectively). There was also no difference across the diets for TT performance (34.1 ± 1.8 and 34.3 ± 1.7 min for SS and FF, respectively. These data indicate that short-term food options to initiate glycogen resynthesis can include dietary options not typically marketed as sports nutrition products such as fast food menu items.
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Chocolate milk and fast food items restore glycogen similarly to common commercial sport nutrition products.
“Both chocolate milk (Lunn et al. 2012) and fast food items (Cramer et al. 2015) restore glycogen similarly to common commercial sport nutrition products.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Cramer et al. 2015
Food items have demonstrated success in promoting 4-h glycogen re-synthesis rates when compared to sport nutrition products.
“When compared to sport nutrition products, food items have demonstrated success in promoting 4-h glycogen re-synthesis rates.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Cramer et al. 2015
Chocolate milk and fast food also impact subsequent exercise performance similarly to commercial sport nutrition items.
“Chocolate milk (Karp et al. 2006; Lunn et al. 2012; Pritchett et al. 2009; Thomas et al. 2009) and fast food (Cramer et al. 2015) also impact subsequent exercise performance similarly to commercial sport nutrition items.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Cramer et al. 2015
When coupled with prior data using fast food items (Cramer et al. 2015), these recent data demonstrate that the exercise recovery carbohydrate oriented feeding recommendations given by health care providers, coaches and trainers can be simplified.
“When coupled with prior data using fast food items (Cramer et al. 2015), these recent data demonstrate that the exercise recovery carbohydrate oriented feeding recommendations given by health care providers, coaches and trainers can be simplified.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Cramer et al. 2015
Cramer et al. (2015) showed that fast food menu items stimulated glycogen recovery and contributed to subsequent exercise performance as effectively as commercial sports supplement products.
“Cramer et al. (2015) showed that fast food menu items stimulated glycogen recovery and contributed to subsequent exercise performance as effectively as commercial sports supplement products.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Cramer et al. (2015)
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Fundamentals of glycogen metabolism for coaches and athletes
Murray, B., & Rosenbloom, C. (2018) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy001 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Rothschild, J. A., Kilding, A. E., & Plews, D. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113473 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Carbohydrates and Endurance Exercise: A Narrative Review of a Food First Approach
Naderi, A., Gobbi, N., Ali, A., Berjisian, E., Hamidvand, A., Forbes, S. C., Koozehchian, M. S., Karayigit, R., & Saunders, B. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15061367 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources
Flynn, S., Rosales, A., Hailes, W., & Ruby, B. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04352-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationRuby, B. C., Coker, R. H., Sol, J., Quindry, J. C., & Montain, S. J. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c220016 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationRuby, B. C., Coker, R. H., Sol, J., Quindry, J. C., & Montain, S. J. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00260.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationCosta, M. D. S., Toscano, L. T., Toscano, L. T., Luna, V. R., Torres, R. D. A., da Silva, J. A., & Silva, A. S. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1844137 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Performance Effects of Carbohydrate Ingestion Between Bouts of Intense Aerobic Interval Exercise
McCarthy, D. G., & Spriet, L. L. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2019-0239 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cramer, M. J., Dumke, C. L., Hailes, W. S., Cuddy, J. S., & Ruby, B. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Montana (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ruby, Brent C.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 448-455
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W1982938980
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- fast food, sports supplements, exercise performance, time trial performance, insulin response, blood glucose, muscle glycogen, carbohydrate intake, dietary fat, dietary protein, glycogen depletion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bicycling, Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Exercise Test, Glycogen, Humans, Insulin, Male, Time Factors, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Quadriceps Muscle, Athletic Performance, Fast Foods, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Healthy Volunteers
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