The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Context: Nutrition education aims to enhance knowledge and improve dietary intake in athletes. Understanding athletes’ nutrition knowledge and its influence on dietary intake will inform nutrition-education programs in this population. Purpose: To systematically review the level of nutrition knowledge in athletes, benchmark this against nonathlete comparison groups, and determine the impact of nutrition knowledge on dietary intake. Methods: An extensive literature search from the earliest record to March 2010 using the terms nutrition knowledge or diet knowledge and athlete or sport was conducted. Included studies recruited able or physically disabled, male or female, competitive (recreational or elite) athletes over the age of 13 yr. Quantitative assessment of knowledge and, if available, diet intake was required. Because of variability in the assessment of nutrition knowledge and dietary intake, meta-analysis was not conducted. Results: Twenty-nine studies (17 published before 2000) measuring nutrition knowledge (7 including a nonathlete comparison group) met inclusion criteria. Athletes’ knowledge was equal to or better than that of nonathletes but lower than comparison groups including nutrition students. When found statistically significant, knowledge was greater in females than males. A weak ( r < .44), positive association between knowledge and dietary intake was reported in 5 of 9 studies assessing this. Common flaws in articles included inadequate statistical reporting, instrument validation, and benchmarking. Conclusion: The nutrition knowledge of athletes and its impact on their dietary intake is equivocal. There is a need for high-quality, contemporary research using validated tools to measure nutrition knowledge and its impact on dietary intake.
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“Unfortunately, definitive conclusions cannot be reached due to differences in measurement tools between studies”
From Educational intervention using a mobile app to enhance sports nutrition knowledge and dietary habits in student-athletes: a randomized controlled trial (2025) · cites this paper as Heaney et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Previous studies have reported that nutritional education programs induced improvements not only in the nutritional knowledge of athletes [55,56], but also in introducing more positive dietary changes [5,6].”
From Nutritional Status and Implementation of a Nutritional Education Program in Young Female Artistic Gymnasts (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“Previous systematic literature reviews have reported the NK of children and adolescents(16), the NK of solely adult athletes(14,17) or both adolescent and adult athletes(18).”
From Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, of the eleven excluded articles published before 2010 eight were included in a similar previous review(18).”
From Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Previous literature reviews(14,17,18) assessing the NK of athletes have similarly reported difficulty in comparing results between studies due to the heterogeneity of NK assessment tools used.”
From Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
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Citations
Cites
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252
Nutrition and Athletic Performance
(2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31890eb86 · Cited by 1,084
(2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.01.005 · Cited by 912
Development of a general nutrition knowledge Questionnaire for adults
Parmenter, K., & Wardle, J. (1999) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600726 · Cited by 633
The validity of self-reported energy intake as determined using the doubly labelled water technique
Hill, R. J., & Davies, P. S. W. (2001) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2000281 · Cited by 589
Burns, R. D., Schiller, M. R., Merrick, M. A., & Wolf, K. N. (2004) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.11.013 · Cited by 185
ROSENBLOOM, C. A., JONNALAGADDA, S. S., & SKINNER, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90098-2 · Cited by 164
Cited by
A Review of Factors Influencing Athletes’ Food Choices
Birkenhead, K. L., & Slater, G. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0372-1 · Cited by 240
von Rosen, P., Frohm, A., Kottorp, A., Fridén, C., & Heijne, A. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12735 · Cited by 142
Lis, D. M., Stellingwerff, T., Shing, C. M., Ahuja, K. D. K., & Fell, J. W. (2015) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0247 · Cited by 121
Nutrition for Ultramarathon Running: Trail, Track, and Road
Costa, R. J. S., Knechtle, B., Tarnopolsky, M., & Hoffman, M. D. (2019) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0255 · Cited by 118
Sleep, Nutrition, and Injury Risk in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review
Mason, L., Connolly, J., Devenney, L. E., Lacey, K., O’Donovan, J., & Doherty, R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15245101 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Heaney, S., O’Connor, H., Michael, S., Gifford, J., & Naughton, G.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 248-261
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W2104610429
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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