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Physical Activity, Aging, and Psychological Well-Being

McAuley, Edward, Rudolph, David·1995·Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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Abstract

This review examines the effects of exercise and physical activity on the psychological well-being of older adults. Unlike most of the literature in this area, this review focuses primarily on those psychosocial outcomes that are generally positive in nature. As well as considering the overall effects of physical activity, the roles of program length, subject sex, age, physical fitness, and measurement are considered. Overall, the results of the 38 studies reviewed are overwhelmingly positive, with the majority reporting positive associations between physical activity and psychological well-being. This relationship appears to be moderated by the length of the exercise programs; longer programs consistently report more positive results. There is little evidence that exercise has differential psychological effects on men and women or on individuals of differing ages. Whereas training protocols seem to result in significant changes in physical fitness and well-being, such improvements appear to be unrelated. The review concludes with a brief discussion of possible mechanisms underlying the physical activity/psychological health relationship, and several directions are recommended for future research.

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Authors: McAuley, E., & Rudolph, D.
ORCID: McAuley, Edward
Venue: Journal of Aging and Physical Activity
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Published: 1995-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 67-96
ISSN: 1063-8652 (ISSN-L)
1543-267X
DOI: 10.1123/japa.3.1.67
OpenAlex: W2109838359
Cited by: 313
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 3.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Aging and Physical Activity (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
Keywords: physical activity, psychological well-being, older adults, aging, psychosocial outcomes, sex differences, age differences, physical fitness, mechanisms of exercise effects

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