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A Quantitative Analysis and Qualitative Explanation of the Individual Differences in Affective Responses to Prescribed and Self-Selected Exercise Intensities
Abstract
Using a mixed-method approach, the aim of this study was to explore affective responses to exercise at intensities below-lactate threshold (LT), at-LT, and above-LT to test the proposals of the dual-mode model. These intensities were also contrasted with a self-selected intensity. Further, the factors that influenced the generation of those affective responses were explored. Nineteen women completed 20 min of treadmill exercise at each intensity. Affective valence and activation were measured, pre-, during and postexercise. Afterward, participants were asked why they had felt the way they had during each intensity. Results supported hypotheses showing affect to be least positive during the above-LT condition and most positive during the self-selected and below-LT conditions. Individual differences were greatest in the below-LT and at-LT conditions. Qualitative results showed that factors relating to perceptions of ability, interpretation of exercise intensity, exercise outcomes, focus of concentration, and perceptions of control influenced the affective response and contributed to the individual differences shown in the quantitative data.
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“To determine the sample size [14], we assumed a mean difference of 1.74±1.18 on the Feeling Scale (FS) with an α = .05 and a β = .20 because similar results had been previously observed and were associated with significant differences [15].”
From Continuous and high-intensity interval training: Which promotes higher pleasure? (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
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Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000 · Cited by 1,215
“The theories that were examined include reversal theory,([62]) opponentprocess theory,([73,89]) multidimensional arousal theory([81]) and the dual-mode theory.([91,93-97,106,107]) Reversal theory, the opponent-process theory and the multidimensional arousal theory were reviewed by Ekkekakis and Petruzzello.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRhodes, R. E., & Kates, A. (2015) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5 · Cited by 852
Exercise, affect, and adherence: an integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise
Williams, D. M. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.5.471 · Cited by 404
“First, as discussed earlier, self-paced exercise tends to approach, but not exceed the VT (Ekkekakis et al., 2006; Lind et al., 2005; Parfitt et al., 2006; Rose & Parfitt, 2007), albeit with evidence for some variability (Ekkekakis et al., 2006).”
InfluentialMorres, I. D., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Stathi, A., Comoutos, N., Arpin-Cribbie, C., Krommidas, C., & Theodorakis, Y. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22842 · Cited by 350
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A. (2009) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/11315210-000000000-00000 · Cited by 321
“Similarly, Rose and Parfitt([87]) reported that participants after the session at self-selected intensity commented on feeling in control, believing that they were able to cope more easily, 878 Ekkekakis”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rose, E. A., & Parfitt, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- ORCID
- Parfitt, Gaynor
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 281-309
- ISSN
- 0895-2779 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2904
- OpenAlex
- W1801946579
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 10.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- affective responses to exercise, exercise intensity, lactate threshold, self-selected exercise intensity, individual differences, dual-mode model, emotional valence, affective activation, perceived competence, perceived control, exercise effects, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Aptitude, Arousal, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Individuality, Internal-External Control, Middle Aged, Motivation, Self Concept, Anaerobic Threshold, Exercise, Lactic Acid
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