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Cited by 42Mental Health via WritingGrief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthSport Psychology and Performance

Psycholinguistic changes in athletes’ grief response to injury after written emotional disclosure

Mankad, Aditi, Gordon, Sandy·2010·Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1123/jsr.19.3.328
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Grief can be a common psychological characteristic of long-term injury, but few athletes are taught how to effectively deal with these intense emotions. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of Pennebaker's standard writing paradigm in improving athletes' psychological response to injury after engaging in written disclosure. DESIGN: Repeated-measures design with 6 data-collection time points. SETTING: Sport-injury clinics. PARTICIPANTS: 9 elite long-term-injured athletes. MEASURES AND INTERVENTION: Participants were administered the Psychological Responses to Sport Injury Inventory and the Rehabilitation Beliefs Survey at 3 times preintervention and postintervention. Intervention comprised three 20-min writing sessions. Linguistic analyses were carried out using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count to determine whether changes in word categories would be associated with postintervention changes in grief characteristics and rehabilitation-belief subscales. RESULTS: There were significant differences in athletes' grief characteristics postintervention, with athletes feeling less devastated, dispirited, cheated, and restless by their injury and increasing the reorganization of their thoughts. Corresponding evidence from text analyses further supported these changes, with athletes linguistically demonstrating that they were actively working through their grief-related response using improved cognitive processing (F2,16=5.15, P=.019, Eta2=.39) and the disinhibition of positive and negative affect (F2,16=4.05, P=.038, Eta2=.34). There were no significant changes in athletes' rehabilitation beliefs, which remained high throughout the testing period. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings demonstrated that written emotional disclosure was effective in enhancing psychological rehabilitation by contributing to a greater personal understanding of the injury event and attenuating athletes' grief-related response.

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  • Following a written disclosure intervention, confidence and general enjoyment increased.

    “Following a written disclosure intervention, confidence and general enjoyment increased 39”

    From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [39]

  • The findings from Rock and Jones and Mankad and Gordon support the role of psychological interventions in decreasing negative consequences associated with sport injury.

    “the findings from Rock and Jones 40 and Mankad and Gordon 39 included in this review support the role of psychological interventions in decreasing negative consequences associated with sport injury.”

    From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [39]

  • Two included studies used before and after study designs.

    “Of those studies, two included randomized control trials, two used before and after study designs and two were case study designs.”

    From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [39]

  • After engaging in written disclosure, athletes reported decreased feelings of being cheated, devastated, restlessness, tension, emptiness, and difficulty accepting the injury as well as fewer exhibited avoidance behaviors.

    “Mankad and Gordon 39 also found that after engaging in written disclosure, athletes reported decreased feelings of being cheated, devastated, restlessness, tension, emptiness, and difficulty accepting the injury as well as fewer exhibited avoidance behaviors.”

    From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [39]

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Authors
Mankad, A., & Gordon, S.
Affiliations
The University of Western Australia (AU)
ORCID
Mankad, Aditi
Venue
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
2010-08
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
328-342
ISSN
  • 1056-6716 (ISSN-L)
  • 1543-3072
DOI
10.1123/jsr.19.3.328
OpenAlex
W2160871312
Cited by
42
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI
2.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Sport Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Keywords
grief, sports injuries, athletes, written emotional disclosure, expressive writing, psychological rehabilitation, cognitive processes, LIWC, long-term injury
MeSH terms
Adult, Athletic Injuries, Emotions, Female, Grief, Humans, Linguistics, Male, Writing

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