Short-term psychological intervention: a study of long-term-injured competitive athletes
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effectiveness of psychological interventions for a sample of competitive athletes with long-term injuries. Design: Modified 2-group, pretreatment and posttreatment (repeated measure). Patients: 58 patients, 14 in the experimental group and 44 in the control group. Interventions: Three intervention strategies: stress management and cognitive control, goal-setting skills, and relaxation/guided imagery. Main Outcome Measure: Mood level was used as the outcome variable. Results: The experimental group had a higher overall mood level at the midpoint and end of rehabilitation and were also feeling more ready for competition than the control group was, both as rated by themselves and by the treating physiotherapist The only strategy to show statistical differences was relaxation/guided imagery. Conclusions: The results of this study support the idea that a short-term intervention has the potential to elevate mood levels in competitive athletes with long-term injuries.
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Johnson's RCT found athletes in the intervention group reported significantly better mood scores compared with athletes in the control group, including increased feelings of pleasure, social orientation, and security.
“Results showed that athletes in the intervention group (n ¼ 14) reported significantly better mood scores compared with athletes in the control group (n ¼ 44), including increased feelings of pleasure, social orientation, and security.”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
Johnson's RCT found athletes in the intervention group reported feeling more prepared for competition at the end of rehabilitation compared to athletes in the control group.
“Athletes in the intervention group also reported feeling more prepared for competition at the end of rehabilitation when compared to athletes in the control group.”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
Two included studies used before and after study designs.
“Of those studies, two included randomized control trials, two used before and after study designs and two were case study designs.”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
Johnson's study showed no significant differences in feelings of stress and worry after injury between intervention and control group.
“which showed no significant differences in feelings of stress and worry after injury between intervention and control group.”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
Guided imagery was used in two of the six studies included in this review.
“Guided imagery was used in two out of the six studies included in this review and was applied with injured athletes along with relaxation and other psychological techniques in order to facilitate increased concentration and vividness specific to a given task.35,38”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
The psychological techniques commonly used with injured athletes in these interventions include relaxation, mindfulness, imagery, goal setting, and stress management.
“The psychological techniques commonly used with injured athletes in these interventions include relaxation, 35,38 mindfulness, imagery, 34,35,38 goal setting, 36e38 and stress management.34,38e41”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
In Johnson's study, injured athletes' overall mood was improved after the intervention.
“The results showed that injured athletes' overall mood was improved after the intervention.38”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
Goal setting as a technique to reduce psychological distress during rehabilitation was implemented in studies by Johnson and Evans and Hardy.
“Incorporating goal setting as a technique to reduce psychological distress during the rehabilitation process was implemented in studies conducted by Johnson 38 and Evans and Hardy.36,37”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
Johnson found no differences between the participants in the intervention and control groups with regard to positive feelings toward rehabilitation or feelings of stress/worry.
“However, Johnson 38 found no differences between the participants in the intervention and control groups with regard to positive feelings toward rehabilitation or feelings of stress/worry.”
From Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury (2012) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Johnson, U.
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Urban
- ORCID
- Johnson, Urban
- Venue
- Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2000-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 207-218
- ISSN
- 1056-6716 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-3072
- OpenAlex
- W105245170
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sport Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Keywords
- psychological intervention, competitive athletes, long-term injury, stress management, cognitive control, goal setting, relaxation, guided imagery, mood, rehabilitation, physiotherapy
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