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YC-1 [3-(5′-Hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl Indazole] Inhibits Neointima Formation in Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid through Suppression of Expressions and Activities of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, and postrevascularization production of vascular smooth muscle cells may play key roles in development of arterial restenosis. We investigated the inhibitory effect of 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1), a benzyl indazole compound, on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in a balloon-injury rat carotid artery model. Injury was induced by inserting a balloon catheter through the common carotid artery; after 14 days, histopathological analysis using immunostaining and Western blotting revealed significant restenosis with neointimal formation that was associated with enhanced protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. However, these effects were dose-dependently reduced by orally administered YC-1 (1-10 mg/kg). In addition, gelatin zymography demonstrated that increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was diminished by YC-1 treatment. On the other hand, YC-1 inhibited hydrolysis of the fluorogenic quenching substrate Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH(2) by recombinant MMP-2 and MMP-9 with IC(50) values = 2.07 and 8.20 muM, respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA revealed that YC-1 significantly inhibited mRNA levels of MMPs. Finally, for the YC-1 treatment group, we did not observe elevation of cGMP levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, suggesting that YC-1 inhibition of neointimal formation is not through a cGMP-elevating pathway. These data show YC-1 s…
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YC-1 interacts with several non-HIF targets, complicating attribution of its biological effects solely to HIF inhibition.
“In addition, YC-1 is known to interact with several non-HIF targets, complicating attribution of its biological effects solely to HIF inhibition [405,406].”
From HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [406]
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HIF inhibition: Current strategies and clinical challenges
Więch-Walów, A., Bartoszewska, S., Barton, A., Czechowicz, P., Dudzik, J., Wielockx, B., Collawn, J. F., & Bartoszewski, R. (2026) · Redox biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2026.104220 · Cited by 3
“In addition, YC-1 is known to interact with several non-HIF targets, complicating attribution of its biological effects solely to HIF inhibition [405,406].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, Y.-N., Pan, S.-L., Peng, C.-Y., Guh, J.-H., Huang, D.-M., Chang, Y.-L., Lin, C.-H., Pai, H.-C., Kuo, S.-C., Lee, F.-Y., & Teng, C.-M.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Venue
- The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 316
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-41
- ISSN
- 0022-3565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2149407335
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Keywords
- YC-1, neointima formation, restenosis, MMP-2, MMP-9, balloon injury, carotid artery, vascular smooth muscle cells, angioplasty
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carotid Arteries, Catheterization, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescent Dyes, Cyclic GMP, Immunohistochemistry, Indazoles, Male, Neovascularization, Pathologic, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Rats
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