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Selective Inhibition of Casein Kinase 1ϵ Minimally Alters Circadian Clock Period
Abstract
The circadian clock links our daily cycles of sleep and activity to the external environment. Deregulation of the clock is implicated in a number of human disorders, including depression, seasonal affective disorder, and metabolic disorders. Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1epsilon) and casein kinase 1 delta (CK1delta) are closely related Ser-Thr protein kinases that serve as key clock regulators as demonstrated by mammalian mutations in each that dramatically alter the circadian period. Therefore, inhibitors of CK1delta/epsilon may have utility in treating circadian disorders. Although we previously demonstrated that a pan-CK1delta/epsilon inhibitor, 4-[3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (PF-670462), causes a significant phase delay in animal models of circadian rhythm, it remains unclear whether one of the kinases has a predominant role in regulating the circadian clock. To test this, we have characterized 3-(3-chloro-phenoxymethyl)-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamine (PF-4800567), a novel and potent inhibitor of CK1epsilon (IC(50) = 32 nM) with greater than 20-fold selectivity over CK1delta. PF-4800567 completely blocks CK1epsilon-mediated PER3 nuclear localization and PER2 degradation. In cycling Rat1 fibroblasts and a mouse model of circadian rhythm, however, PF-4800567 has only a minimal effect on the circadian clock at concentrations substantially over its CK1epsilon IC(50). This is in contrast to the pan-CK1delta/epsilon inhibitor PF-670462 that robustly alters the circadian clock under similar conditions. These data indicate that CK1epsilon is not the predominant mediator of circadian timing relative to CK1delta. PF-4800567 should prove useful in probing unique roles between these two kinases in multiple signaling pathways.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Walton, K. M., Fisher, K., Rubitski, D., Marconi, M., Meng, Q.-J., Sládek, M., Adams, J., Bass, M., Chandrasekaran, R., Butler, T., Griffor, M., Rajamohan, F., Serpa, M., Chen, Y., Claffey, M., Hastings, M., Loudon, A., Maywood, E., Ohren, J., Doran, A., & Wager, T. T.
- Affiliations
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 330
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 430-439
- ISSN
- 0022-3565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114428498
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/E022553/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- CK1ε, CK1δ, circadian clock, circadian period, kinase inhibitors, circadian rhythm, circadian disorders, selective kinase inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pyrazoles, Pyrimidines, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Casein Kinase 1 epsilon, Mice
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