Effects of farnesoid X receptor activation on arachidonic acid metabolism, NF-kB signaling, and hepatic inflammation
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Inflammation has a recognized role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. In the present work, we studied the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on arachidonic acid metabolism in the liver and investigated the role of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) in eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways and nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling, major modulators of the inflammatory cascade. Mice were fed an HFD to induce NAFLD and then treated with the FXR ligand obeticholic acid (OCA). Histology and gene expression analyses were performed on liver tissue. Eicosanoid levels were measured from serum and urine samples. The molecular mechanism underlying the effect of FXR activation on arachidonic acid metabolism and NF-kB signaling was studied in human liver Huh7 cells and primary cultured hepatocytes. NAFLD was characterized by higher (∼25%) proinflammatory [leukotrienes (LTB 4)] and lower (∼3-fold) anti-inflammatory [epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs)] eicosanoid levels than in chow mice. OCA induced the expression of several hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) epoxygenases, the enzymes responsible for EET synthesis, and mitigated HFD-induced hepatic injury. In vitro, induction of CYP450 epoxygenases was sufficient to inhibit NF-kB signaling and cell migration. The CYP450 epoxygenase pan-inhibitor gemfibrozil fully abolished the protective effect of OCA, indicating that OCA-mediated inhibition of NF-kB signaling was EET-dependent. In summary, NAFLD was characterized by an imbalance in arachidonate metabolism. FXR activation reprogramed arachidonate metabolism by inducing P450 epoxygenase expression and EET production. In vitro, FXR-mediated NF-kB inhibition required active P450 epoxygenases.
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The FXR agonist GW4064 was linked to amelioration of inflammation via inhibition of TLR-4 in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic inflammation.
“This is further supported by data of another FXR agonist (GW4064), which was linked to an amelioration of inflammation via the inhibition of TLR-4 in a model of lipopolysaccharide induced hepatic inflammation.[83,84]”
From Nuclear receptors in liver fibrosis (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
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Pathogenetic Pathways in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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- Authors
- Gai, Z., Visentin, M., Gui, T., Zhao, L., Thasler, W. E., Häusler, S., Hartling, I., Cremonesi, A., Hiller, C., & Kullak-Ublick, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Novartis (Switzerland) (CH)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 802-811
- ISSN
- 0026-895X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2801579698
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 8.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (175639)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- farnesoid X receptor, obeticholic acid, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, arachidonic acid metabolism, eicosanoids, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, leukotriene B4, NF-κB signaling, liver inflammation, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, high-fat diet, gemfibrozil, hepatocytes
- MeSH terms
- THP-1 Cells, Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Animals, Cell Movement, Cells, Cultured, Chenodeoxycholic Acid, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Signal Transduction, Arachidonic Acid, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Hepatocytes, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Diet, High-Fat, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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