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Cited by 7Photoreceptor and optogenetics researchReceptor Mechanisms and SignalingPhotochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry

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CryoRhodopsins: A comprehensive characterization of a group of microbial rhodopsins from cold environments

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Lamm, Gerrit H. U., Marin, Egor, Alekseev, Alexey, Schellbach, Anna V., Stetsenko, Artem, Haro-Moreno, Jose Manuel, Bourenkov, Gleb, Borshchevskiy, Valentin, Asido, Marvin, Agthe, Michael, Engilberge, Sylvain, Rose, Samuel L., Caramello, Nicolas, Royant, Antoine, Schneider, Thomas R., Bateman, Alex, Mager, Thomas, Moser, Tobias, Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco, Wachtveitl, Josef, Guskov, Albert, Kovalev, Kirill·2025·Science Advances
DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adv1015PMC PMC12227055

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Abstract

Microbial rhodopsins are omnipresent on Earth; however, the vast majority of them remain uncharacterized. Here, we describe a rhodopsin group found in microorganisms from cold environments, such as glaciers, denoted as CryoRhodopsins (CryoRs). A distinguishing feature of the group is the presence of a buried arginine residue close to the cytoplasmic face. Combining single-particle cryo–electron microscopy and x-ray crystallography with rhodopsin activation by light, we demonstrate that the arginine stabilizes an ultraviolet (UV)–absorbing intermediate of an extremely slow CryoRhodopsin photocycle. Together with extensive spectroscopic characterization, our investigations on CryoR1 and CryoR2 proteins reveal mechanisms of photoswitching in the identified group. Our data suggest that CryoRs are sensors for UV irradiation and are also capable of inward proton translocation modulated by UV light.

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Metadata

Authors
Lamm, G. H. U., Marin, E., Alekseev, A., Schellbach, A. V., Stetsenko, A., Haro-Moreno, J. M., Bourenkov, G., Borshchevskiy, V., Asido, M., Agthe, M., Engilberge, S., Rose, S. L., Caramello, N., Royant, A., Schneider, T. R., Bateman, A., Mager, T., Moser, T., Rodriguez-Valera, F., Wachtveitl, J., Guskov, A., & Kovalev, K.
Affiliations
  • Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
  • University of Groningen (NL)
  • Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
  • Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx (ES)
  • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE)
  • Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Universität Hamburg (DE)
  • European Bioinformatics Institute (GB)
  • German Primate Center (DE)
  • Evolutionary Genomics Group, Departamento Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
Corresponding author
  • Lamm, Gerrit H. U.
  • Marin, Egor
  • Alekseev, Alexey
  • Wachtveitl, Josef
  • Guskov, Albert
  • Kovalev, Kirill
ORCID
Venue
Science Advances
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2025-07-04
Volume
11
Issue
27
Pages
eadv1015-eadv1015
ISSN
2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1126/sciadv.adv1015
PMC
PMC12227055
OpenAlex
W4412021670
Cited by
7
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3
FWCI
2.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Desy publication database (The Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC 2067, CRC1507, EXC 2067‐1, 390729940, EXC 2067/1390729940)
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (UAR 3518 CNRS-CEA-UGA-EMBL, ANR-17-EURE-0003, ANR-17-EURE-, ANR-17, ANR-10, ANR-10-INBS-0005)
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (184.034.014, OCENW.KLEIN.141)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UAR 3518 CNRS-CEA-UGA-EMBL)
  • French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (ANR-17-EURE-0003, ANR-10-INBS-0005, ANR-10-INBS-000502)
  • HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (847543)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
Keywords
microbial rhodopsins, cold-adapted microorganisms, glaciers, photocycle, photoswitching, proton translocation, light-driven proton pump
MeSH terms
Arginine, Cold Temperature, Models, Molecular, Ultraviolet Rays, Crystallography, X-Ray, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Rhodopsins, Microbial

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