Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by polyketide synthases in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential membrane components in higher eukaryotes and are the precursors of many lipid-derived signaling molecules. Here, pathways for PUFA synthesis are described that do not require desaturation and elongation of saturated fatty acids. These pathways are catalyzed by polyketide synthases (PKSs) that are distinct from previously recognized PKSs in both structure and mechanism. Generation of cis double bonds probably involves position-specific isomerases; such enzymes might be useful in the production of new families of antibiotics. It is likely that PUFA synthesis in cold marine ecosystems is accomplished in part by these PKS enzymes.
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In the wild, fish accumulate EPA and DHA by consuming marine algae.
“In the wild, fish accumulate EPA and DHA by consumption of marine algae (11,12).”
The PKS pathway was first identified in the deep-sea bacteria Shewanella.
“The PKS pathway was first identified in the deep-sea bacteria, Shewanella [133].”
From Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries (2021) · cites this paper as [133]
While FAS synthesis and elongation/desaturation pathways are very energy-consuming, the PKS pathway has fewer reduction and dehydration steps and can produce PUFAs more efficiently.
“While FAS synthesis and elongation/desaturation pathways, involving numerous enzymatic activities and reactions are very energy-consuming [132], the PKS pathway, in constrat, has fewer reduction and dehydration steps and can produce PUFAs more efficiently [133].”
From Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries (2021) · cites this paper as [133]
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- Authors
- Metz, J. G., Roessler, P., Facciotti, D., Levering, C., Dittrich, F., Lassner, M., Valentine, R., Lardizabal, K., Domergue, F., Yamada, A., Yazawa, K., Knauf, V., & Browse, J.
- Affiliations
- Omega Tech, 4909 Nautilus Court North, Boulder, CO 80301–3242, USA.
- Monsanto, 1920 Fifth Street, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–6340, USA.
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute (JP)
- Washington State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Metz, James G.
- Roessler, Paul
- Facciotti, Daniel
- Lassner, Michael
- Yamada, Akiko
- Yazawa, Kazunaga
- Knauf, Vic
- Browse, John
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-07-13
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 5528
- Pages
- 290-293
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2132200710
- Cited by
- 760
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 13.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyketide synthase, membrane lipids, lipid signaling, antibiotic production
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Arachidonic Acids, Escherichia coli, Eukaryotic Cells, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Multienzyme Complexes, Open Reading Frames, Genome, Bacterial, Gammaproteobacteria, Shewanella, Fatty Acid Synthases
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