A Phosphatocopid Crustacean with Appendages from the Lower Cambrian

Siveter, David J.; Williams, Mark; Waloszek, Dieter

doi:10.1126/science.1061697

Cited by 104Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsPaleontology and Evolutionary BiologyFossil Insects in Amber

A Phosphatocopid Crustacean with Appendages from the Lower Cambrian

Siveter, David J., Williams, Mark, Waloszek, Dieter·2001·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1061697

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Abstract

Here we describe a phosphatocopid arthropod with preserved soft anatomy from Lower Cambrian rocks of Shropshire, England, which provides evidence for the occurrence of Crustacea, including Eucrustacea, in the Early Cambrian. The find identifies an important, stratigraphically early source of well-preserved fossils (Konservat-Lagerstätte).

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The common bilaterian ancestor existed prior to the Cambrian.
“This ancestor clearly existed prior to the Cambrian, given the famous diversity of crown group bilaterians already evident in the Early Cambrian fossil record (Fig. 1; Chen and Zhou, 1997;Siveter et al., 2001).”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Siveter et al., 2001

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“Such a maxilla-like second post-antennal limb is present in numerous ‘crustaceamorph’ stem lineage mandibulate arthropods like Martinssonia elongata and the Phospatocopida [2,11,69,70].”
The Cambrian Explosion Exploded?
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“However, the same terminology is applied to the entirely unrelated and differently functioning appendages of vertebrates, and even among the major groups of the Arthropoda themselves there is ongoing discussion about the homology of these parts (e.g. Jager et al. 2006; Siveter et al. 2001 ).”
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The Cambrian Explosion: How Do We Use the Evidence
Levinton, J. S. (2008) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/b580912 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Thus, the evolutionary lawn of echino derms was transformed into a far more sensible evolutionary tree (Smith 1984).”
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L’Explosion cambrienne ou l’émergence des écosystèmes modernes
Vannier, J. (2009) · Comptes Rendus Palevol · doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.10.006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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“…have been allied to the Ostracoda and hence the Maxillopoda, but their so-called ‘antennae’ or ‘second antennae’ are post-oral and as such they serve as mouth parts as in Trilobitomorpha and their allies (Hessler & Newman, 1975; Walossek, 1999; Siveter et al., 2001; Maas & Waloszek, 2004).”
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Evolutionary History of the Ostracoda and the Origin of Nonmarine Faunas
Boush, L. P., & Ricketts, R. D. (2003) · The Paleontological Society Papers · doi:10.1017/s1089332600002138 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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“The phosphatocopine larvae differ from the eucrustacean nauplius in having initially four pairs of appendages instead of three, but the labrum and the spines at the base of second antennae and mandibles of their head larvae are inferred to be homologous (Siveter et al. 2001; Maas and Waloszek 2005).”
Background
Baring it all: undressing Cambrian ‘Orsten’ phosphatocopine crustaceans using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy
Eriksson, M. E., Terfelt, F., Elofsson, R., Maas, A., Marone, F., Lindskog, A., Waloszek, D., Schmitz, B., & Stampanoni, M. (2015) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/let.12149 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
Three head-larvae of Hesslandona angustata (Phosphatocopida, Crustacea) from the Upper Cambrian of western Hunan, South China and the phylogeny of Crustacea
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“Following the observation of limb and soft part anatomy in exceptionally preserved specimens of both groupings (e.g., Müller 1982; Hou et al. 1996; Siveter et al. 2001a; Maas et al. 2003) it became clear that the Bradoriina and Phosphatocopina are neither directly related to each other, nor are…”
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Two-channel electrical conduction in air-stable monodispersed Mo6S3I6 nanowire sheets
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“Ostracods have representatives that date to the Cambrian (Siveter et al. 2001) and that inhabited cold (a few C) to very warm (up to 40 C) aquatic environments, including fresh and saline waters, and even brines (S B 200 g L-1; Bodergat and Andreani 1981; Debenay et al. 1990).”
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Two new species of Vestrogothia (Phosphatocopina, Crustacea) of Orsten-type preservation from the Upper Cambrian in western Hunan, South China
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Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Roniviruses
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“2007); and (2) stem group taxa relating to modern diapause egg-bearing crustaceans already existed during the early Cambrian (Siveter et al. 2001; Zhang et al. 2007).”
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Bradoriida and Phosphatocopida (Arthropoda) from the Arthur Creek Formation (Middle Cambrian), Georgina Basin, central Australia
Jones, P. J., & Laurie, J. R. (2006) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Crustaceans and the "Cambrian Explosion"
Budd, G. E., Butterfield, N. J. F., & Jensen, S. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.294.5549.2047a · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The developmental trend of labrum and median eyes of Orsten-type preserved Phosphatocopina (Crustacea)
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Two species ofHesslandona(Phosphatocopida, Crustacea) from the Upper Cambrian of western Hunan, South China and the phylogeny of Phosphatocopida
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“Recently, several specimens of phosphatocopids showing soft body preservation have been found in the Upper Cambrian borehole samples from Poland (Maas et al., 2006), and additional specimens with soft-part anatomy are recovered from the Lower Cambrian Comley limestone in England 770 (Thomas Harvey, personal commun., 2…”
BackgroundInfluential
Warm Climates in Earth History
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Cowley, J. A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801573-5.00032-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In okaviruses, which replicate in crustacean hosts with ancient origins (Siveter et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2007) and which have a simple genome organization comprising only the ORF1a/1b replicase genes and two genes (ORF2 and ORF3) encoding virion structural proteins, the genomic RNA and sgmRNAs used to translate th…”
Exceptionally well-preserved Orsten-type phosphatocopid crustaceans from the Cambrian of Poland
Olempska, E., Maas, A., Waloszek, D., & Eriksson, M. E. (2019) · Acta Palaeontologica Polonica · doi:10.4202/app.00553.2018 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Because this is the situation in all early larval stages of Eucrustracea too, it has been suggested that it represents a plesiomorphic state for Labrophora, hinting at a sister-group relationship of K. salopensis to all remaining phosphatocopids (Siveter et al. 2001, 2003: figs.”
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The genomes of Mourilyan virus and Wēnzhōu shrimp virus 1 of prawns comprise 4 RNA segments
Cowley, J. A. (2020) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198225 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Vestrogothia spinata (Phosphatocopina, Crustacea), Fossils of Orsten‐type Preservation from the Upper Cambrian of Western Hunan, South China
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Potter, T. L., Pedder, B. E., & Feist‐Burkhardt, S. (2012) · Journal of Micropalaeontology · doi:10.1144/0262-821x10-005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Hinz (1987) described the phosphatic microfossils and Siveter et al. (2001) report exceptionally well-preserved phosphatocopid crustaceans.”
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Celebrating 25 years of advances in micropalaeontology: a review
Gregory, F. J., Armstrong, H. A., Boomer, I., Gersonde, R., Harding, I., Herrle, J. O., Lazarus, D., Schmidt, D. N., Schoenfeld, J., & YOUNG, J. R. (2006) · Journal of Micropalaeontology · doi:10.1144/jm.25.2.97 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“, 2003) and the lower Cambrian of England (Siveter et al., 2001) have yielded phosphatocopids with soft parts.”
Background
Phosphatocopina – ostracode-like sister group of Eucrustacea
Maas, A., & Waloszek, D. (2005) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/pl00021866 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“We do not apply the term ‘carapace’ for the cephalothoracic shield of Phosphatocopina, as is still done in the literature (e.g. Hinz-Schallreuter, 1998; Williams & Siveter, 1998; Siveter et al., 2001) and frequently done for the shields of various other crustacean and even arthropod groups.”
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A Middle Devonian fluvial-delta plain complex from eastern Yunnan, South China: Insights into co-evolution between environments and organisms in an early non-marine system
Song, J., Zhang, X., Li, S., Qie, W., Wang, Y., & Xu, H. (2025) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105223 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A new assemblage of dabashanellids (Crustacea: Phosphatocopida) from Cambrian Stage 3 of western Hubei Province, South China
Zhang, H. (2022) · Palaeoworld · doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2022.06.004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Cowley, J. A., & Kibenge, F. S. B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91169-6.00004-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
First report of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from the Dahlak Archipelago (Eritrea), with the description of two new species
Rossetti, G., Mazzini, I., Chiozzi, G., Vecchioni, L., & Marrone, F. (2025) · Journal of Limnology · doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2025.2209 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A tiny Cambrian stem-mandibulate reveals independent evolution of limb tagmatization and specialization in early euarthropods
Liu, Y., Zeng, H., Zhao, F., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Yin, Z., & Zhu, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03544-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The labrum in Orsten-type labrophoran pancrustaceans is typically a bulging protrusion, exhibiting a fused attachment to the hypostome, as in Primicaris 58,59 .”
Palaeontology: The New Conservative
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中国湖南中、晚寒武世的奥斯坦型保存化石: 三维保存的软躯体节肢动物化石
刘, 政., 刘, 洁., Philip, C. J. D., 彭, 凡., & 董, 熙. (2005) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/972005-795 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The 2014 recipient of the Brady Medal: Professor David J. Siveter
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Authors: Siveter, D. J., Williams, M., & Waloszek, D.
Affiliations: University of Leicester (GB)
British Geological Survey (GB)
Universität Ulm (DE)
Corresponding author: Siveter, David J.
ORCID: Siveter, David J.
Williams, Mark
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2001-07-20
Volume: 293
Issue: 5529
Pages: 479-481
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1061697
OpenAlex: W2086511514
Cited by: 104
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 8.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fossil Insects in Amber
Keywords: Crustacea, Lower Cambrian, soft-bodied fossils, appendages, Konservat-Lagerstätte, early arthropods, fossil preservation, Shropshire
MeSH terms: Animals, Crustacea, England, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Mandible, Maxilla, Mouth

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A Phosphatocopid Crustacean with Appendages from the Lower Cambrian

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