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A Phosphatocopid Crustacean with Appendages from the Lower Cambrian
Abstract
Here we describe a phosphatocopid arthropod with preserved soft anatomy from Lower Cambrian rocks of Shropshire, England, which provides evidence for the occurrence of Crustacea, including Eucrustacea, in the Early Cambrian. The find identifies an important, stratigraphically early source of well-preserved fossils (Konservat-Lagerstätte).
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“This ancestor clearly existed prior to the Cambrian, given the famous diversity of crown group bilaterians already evident in the Early Cambrian fossil record (Fig. 1; Chen and Zhou, 1997;Siveter et al., 2001).”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Siveter et al., 2001
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BackgroundThe ‘Orsten’—More than a Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstätte yielding exceptional preservation
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“and phosphatocopid carapace (see Plate 1), all of which may be bivalved, lobate, and possess an inner lamella (e.g. Williams et al. 1994; Siveter & Williams 1997; Siveter et al. 2001).”
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“In this regard, it may be relevant to note that the natural penaeid host of GAV has changed little from ancestral crustaceans that date back at least to the Cambrian period >500 million years ago [33].”
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“However, they are now considered to be a non-ostracod group based on the appendage features of Lower Cambrian materials such as Kunmingella and Hesslandona (Hou et al. 1996; Shu et al. 1999; Siveter et al. 2001 ).”
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“Mu¨ ller 1990; examples in Mu¨ ller and Walossek 1985a, b, 1987, 1988; Walossek 1993; see also Roy and Fa˚ hraeus 1989; Walossek et al. 1993; Mu¨ ller et al. 1995; Siveter et al. 2001, 2003 for examples of discoveries outside Sweden; general review in Tang 2002).”
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“…have been allied to the Ostracoda and hence the Maxillopoda, but their so-called ‘antennae’ or ‘second antennae’ are post-oral and as such they serve as mouth parts as in Trilobitomorpha and their allies (Hessler & Newman, 1975; Walossek, 1999; Siveter et al., 2001; Maas & Waloszek, 2004).”
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“The phosphatocopine larvae differ from the eucrustacean nauplius in having initially four pairs of appendages instead of three, but the labrum and the spines at the base of second antennae and mandibles of their head larvae are inferred to be homologous (Siveter et al. 2001; Maas and Waloszek 2005).”
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“The second event occurred shortly after the first event and is represented in the first eucrustaceans (Zhang et al. 2007; Siveter et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMolecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Roniviruses
Cowley, J. A., & Walker, P. J. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815790.ch24 · Cited by 11
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“2007); and (2) stem group taxa relating to modern diapause egg-bearing crustaceans already existed during the early Cambrian (Siveter et al. 2001; Zhang et al. 2007).”
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Crustaceans and the "Cambrian Explosion"
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“Recently, several specimens of phosphatocopids showing soft body preservation have been found in the Upper Cambrian borehole samples from Poland (Maas et al., 2006), and additional specimens with soft-part anatomy are recovered from the Lower Cambrian Comley limestone in England 770 (Thomas Harvey, personal commun., 2…”
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Arthur, M. A., Huber, B. T., MacLeod, K. G., & Wing, S. L. (2001) · Palaios · doi:10.2307/3515581 · Cited by 207
Soft-part preservation in a bivalved arthropod from the Late Ordovician of Wales
Page, A. A., Wilby, P. R., Williams, M., Vannier, J., Davies, J., Waters, R. A., & Zalasiewicz, J. (2009) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756809990045 · Cited by 7
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“In okaviruses, which replicate in crustacean hosts with ancient origins (Siveter et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2007) and which have a simple genome organization comprising only the ORF1a/1b replicase genes and two genes (ORF2 and ORF3) encoding virion structural proteins, the genomic RNA and sgmRNAs used to translate th…”
Exceptionally well-preserved Orsten-type phosphatocopid crustaceans from the Cambrian of Poland
Olempska, E., Maas, A., Waloszek, D., & Eriksson, M. E. (2019) · Acta Palaeontologica Polonica · doi:10.4202/app.00553.2018 · Cited by 7
“Because this is the situation in all early larval stages of Eucrustracea too, it has been suggested that it represents a plesiomorphic state for Labrophora, hinting at a sister-group relationship of K. salopensis to all remaining phosphatocopids (Siveter et al. 2001, 2003: figs.”
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Cowley, J. A. (2020) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198225 · Cited by 7
Zheng, L. I. U., & Dong, X. (2009) · Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition · doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00068.x · Cited by 7
Cambrian Furongian Series acritarchs from the Comley area, Shropshire, England
Potter, T. L., Pedder, B. E., & Feist‐Burkhardt, S. (2012) · Journal of Micropalaeontology · doi:10.1144/0262-821x10-005 · Cited by 6
“Hinz (1987) described the phosphatic microfossils and Siveter et al. (2001) report exceptionally well-preserved phosphatocopid crustaceans.”
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“, 2003) and the lower Cambrian of England (Siveter et al., 2001) have yielded phosphatocopids with soft parts.”
BackgroundPhosphatocopina – ostracode-like sister group of Eucrustacea
Maas, A., & Waloszek, D. (2005) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/pl00021866 · Cited by 36
“We do not apply the term ‘carapace’ for the cephalothoracic shield of Phosphatocopina, as is still done in the literature (e.g. Hinz-Schallreuter, 1998; Williams & Siveter, 1998; Siveter et al., 2001) and frequently done for the shields of various other crustacean and even arthropod groups.”
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Nidoviruses of fish and crustaceans
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“The labrum in Orsten-type labrophoran pancrustaceans is typically a bulging protrusion, exhibiting a fused attachment to the hypostome, as in Primicaris 58,59 .”
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“Some provide a pair of valid mandibles (Siveter et al. 2001; Aria and Caron 2017a; Vannier et al. 2018; Zhai et al. 2019a), though they mostly possess no distinct gnathal appendages (Shu et al.”
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The 2014 recipient of the Brady Medal: Professor David J. Siveter
Horne, D. J., & Lord, A. R. (2015) · Journal of Micropalaeontology · doi:10.1144/jmpaleo2014-032
“…leave everything to chance and the discovery of a phosphatocopid specimen with three-dimensionally preserved appendages in Shropshire was the result of a carefully planned and targeted excavation of Lower Cambrian limestones in a deliberate search for such material (Siveter et al., 2001, 2003b).”
BackgroundBradoriida and Phosphatocopida
Schram, F. R., & Koenemann, S. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0005
Hou, X., Aldridge, R. J., Bergström, J., Siveter, D. J., Siveter, D. J., & Xiang-hong, F. (2003) · doi:10.1002/9780470999950.refs
Self-citation(2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374855-3.00027-3
Metadata
- Authors
- Siveter, D. J., Williams, M., & Waloszek, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- British Geological Survey (GB)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Siveter, David J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-07-20
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 5529
- Pages
- 479-481
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2086511514
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fossil Insects in Amber
- Keywords
- Crustacea, Lower Cambrian, soft-bodied fossils, appendages, Konservat-Lagerstätte, early arthropods, fossil preservation, Shropshire
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Crustacea, England, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Mandible, Maxilla, Mouth
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