Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin, United States
Abstract
Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin may help constrain regional Vendian-Cambrian biostratigraphy and provide biogeographic links between facies in this region and elsewhere. Locally, trace fossils suggest the Vendian-Cambrian boundary occurs within or below the upper third of the lower member of the Wood Canyon Formation. Ediacaran soft-bodied and tubular fossils, including the frondlike fossil Swartpuntia and tubular, mineralized or agglutinated fossils similar to Archaeichnium Cloudina Corumbella, and Onuphionella occur in the lowermost Wood Canyon Formation. Discoidal forms referred to Nimbia occur in both the lowermost Wood Canyon Formation and the underlying strata of the Stirling Quartzite. These fossils occur directly below Lower Cambrian trace fossils, including Treptichnus pedum, and confirm the persistence of the Ediacaran biota to near the base of the Cambrian. These faunas may also help strengthen previously proposed correlation schemes between the two main facies belts of the southwestern Great Basin (the Death Valley and White-Inyo facies), because a nearly identical Vendian-lowest Cambrian succession of faunas occurs in both regions. Lastly, lack of cosmopolitan Ediacaran faunas in these strata suggests a paleobiogeographic link between the southwestern U.S. and southern Africa in Vendian time.
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There is no unambiguous evidence for metazoans among Ediacaran phosphorous deposits, e.g., the Weng'an biota and the Zhenba microfossil assemblage, though fossils are super abundant.
“In contrast, there is no unambiguous evidence for metazoans among Ediacaran phosphorous deposits, e.g., the Weng'an biota (Xiao and Knoll 2000) and the Zhenba microfossil assemblage (Zhang and Zhang 2017), though fossils are super abundant.”
From Current understanding on the Cambrian Explosion: questions and answers (2021) · cites this paper as Xiao and Knoll 2000
Microfossil assemblages from the Ediacaran phosphatic deposits yield abundant spherical fossils that demonstrate patterns of cell adhesion similar to animals but they are not necessarily metazoan embryos.
“Notably, microfossil assemblages from the Ediacaran phophatic deposits (Xiao and Knoll 2000; Zhang and Zhang 2017) yield abundant spherical fossils that demonstrate patterns of cell adhesion similar to animals (Yin etal. 2019) but they are not necessarily metazoan embryos (Zhang and Zhang 2017; Erwin 2020).”
From Current understanding on the Cambrian Explosion: questions and answers (2021) · cites this paper as Xiao and Knoll 2000
Stem-group metazoans, and the metazoan Last Common Ancestor, may also have lacked the HIF pathway, and so could have metabolized aerobically under very low environmental oxygen concentrations.
“This suggests that stem-group metazoans, and the metazoan Last Common Ancestor, may also have lacked the HIF pathway, and so could have metabolized aerobically under very low environmental oxygen concentrations (79).”
From Integrated records of environmental change and evolution challenge the Cambrian Explosion (2019) · cites this paper as [79]
Experimental work has demonstrated that certain early-diverging clades (poriferans and ctenophores) may have very low oxygen demands, since they lack hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways to maintain cellular oxygen homeostasis.
“Experimental work has demonstrated that certain earlydiverging clades (poriferans and ctenophores) may have very low oxygen demands, since they lack hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways to maintain cellular oxygen homeostasis (78,79).”
From Integrated records of environmental change and evolution challenge the Cambrian Explosion (2019) · cites this paper as [79]
The examples from California consist of poorly preserved but relatively convincing Swartpuntia-like taxa from rocks above those containing the first trilobites in the region, and are likely considerably younger than 520 Ma.
“The examples from California consist of poorly preserved but relatively convincing Swartpuntia -like taxa from rocks that are above those containing the first trilobites in the region, and are likely to be considerably younger than 520 Ma (Hagadorn & Waggoner, 2000; Hagadorn et al. , 2000).”
From The origin of the animals and a 'Savannah' hypothesis for early bilaterian evolution (2017) · cites this paper as Hagadorn et al., 2000
Remnants of this early ecological framework may have persisted well into the Cambrian.
“The remnants of this early ecological framework may have persisted well into the Cambrian, where, for example, beds containing both trilobites and Ediacara-style taxa seem to be known from both Laurentia (Conway Morris, 1993; Hagadorn et al. , 2000) and South China (Shu et al. , 2006).”
From The origin of the animals and a 'Savannah' hypothesis for early bilaterian evolution (2017) · cites this paper as Hagadorn et al. , 2000
The examples from California consist of poorly preserved but relatively convincing Swartpuntia-like taxa from rocks above those containing the first trilobites in the region, and are likely considerably younger than 520 Ma.
“The examples from California consist of poorly preserved but relatively convincing Swartpuntia -like taxa from rocks that are above those containing the first trilobites in the region, and are likely to be considerably younger than 520 Ma (Hagadorn & Waggoner, 2000; Hagadorn et al. , 2000).”
From The origin of the animals and a 'Savannah' hypothesis for early bilaterian evolution (2017) · cites this paper as Hagadorn & Waggoner, 2000
Beds containing both trilobites and Ediacara-style taxa are known from Laurentia and South China.
“beds containing both trilobites and Ediacara-style taxa seem to be known from both Laurentia (Conway Morris, 1993; Hagadorn et al. , 2000) and South China (Shu et al. , 2006).”
From The origin of the animals and a 'Savannah' hypothesis for early bilaterian evolution (2017) · cites this paper as Hagadorn et al. , 2000
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- Authors
- HAGADORN, J. W., & WAGGONER, B.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Central Arkansas (US)
- ORCID
- HAGADORN, JAMES W.
- Venue
- Journal of Paleontology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 349-359
- ISSN
- 0022-3360 (ISSN-L)
- 1937-2337
- OpenAlex
- W4235141982
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Paleontology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- California Institute of Technology
- Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation
- Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- Ediacaran fossils, Wood Canyon Formation, Cloudina, trace fossils, soft-bodied fossils, biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography, Great Basin, Cambrian
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