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Evidence for Strengthening of the Tropical General Circulation in the 1990s
Abstract
Satellite observations suggest that the thermal radiation emitted by Earth to space increased by more than 5 watts per square meter, while reflected sunlight decreased by less than 2 watts per square meter, in the tropics over the period 1985–2000, with most of the increase occurring after 1990. By analyzing temporal changes in the frequency of occurrence of emitted thermal and reflected solar fluxes, the effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation are minimized, and an independent longer-time-scale variation of the radiation budget is identified. Similar analyses of upper tropospheric humidity, cloud amount, surface air temperature, and vertical velocity confirm that these flux changes are associated with a decadal-time-scale strengthening of the tropical Hadley and Walker circulations. Equatorial convective regions have intensified in upward motion and moistened, while both the equatorial and subtropical subsidence regions have become drier and less cloudy.
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Cited by
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McKenzie, R. L., Björn, L. O., Bais, A., & Ilyasd, M. (2003) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/b211155c · Cited by 350
ENSO and cholera: A nonstationary link related to climate change?
Rodó, X., Pascual, M., Fuchs, G., & Faruque, A. S. G. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.182203999 · Cited by 343
Santer, B. D., Sausen, R., Wigley, T. M. L., Boyle, J. S., AchutaRao, K., Doutriaux, C., Hansen, J. E., Meehl, G. A., Roeckner, E., Ruedy, R., et al. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jd002258 · Cited by 277
Can thin cirrus clouds in the tropics provide a solution to the faint young Sun paradox?
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, J., Carlson, B. E., & Del Genio, A. D.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 295
- Issue
- 5556
- Pages
- 838-841
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2039460652
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 23.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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