Cited by 10,268Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative MechanismsAntimicrobial Peptides and ActivitiesInflammation biomarkers and pathways

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria

Brinkmann, Volker, Reichard, Ulrike, Goosmann, Christian, Fauler, Beatrix, Uhlemann, Yvonne, Weiss, David S., Weinrauch, Yvette, Zychlinsky, Arturo·2004·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1092385

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Abstract

Neutrophils engulf and kill bacteria when their antimicrobial granules fuse with the phagosome. Here, we describe that, upon activation, neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin that together form extracellular fibers that bind Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. These neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria. NETs are abundant in vivo in experimental dysentery and spontaneous human appendicitis, two examples of acute inflammation. NETs appear to be a form of innate response that binds microorganisms, prevents them from spreading, and ensures a high local concentration of antimicrobial agents to degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria.

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Authors: Brinkmann, V., Reichard, U., Goosmann, C., Fauler, B., Uhlemann, Y., Weiss, D. S., Weinrauch, Y., & Zychlinsky, A.
Affiliations: Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (DE)
Corresponding author: Zychlinsky, Arturo
ORCID: Brinkmann, Volker
Goosmann, Christian
Fauler, Beatrix
Weiss, David S.
Zychlinsky, Arturo
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2004-03-05
Volume: 303
Issue: 5663
Pages: 1532-1535
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1092385
OpenAlex: W2104934425
Cited by: 10,268
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 705 · 2025: 802 · 2024: 860 · 2023: 868 · 2022: 891 · 2021: 909 · 2020: 795 · 2019: 663 · 2018: 573 · 2017: 539 · 2016: 529 · 2015: 416 · 2014: 398 · 2013: 324 · 2012: 290
FWCI: 20.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI037720, AI037720)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
Keywords: neutrophil extracellular traps, neutrophils, bacterial killing, chromatin, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, dysentery, appendicitis, innate immunity, acute inflammation, phagosome
MeSH terms: Animals, Appendicitis, Bacterial Proteins, Blood Bactericidal Activity, Cytoplasmic Granules, DNA, Dysentery, Bacillary, Histones, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Microscopy, Electron, Neutrophils, Endopeptidases, Phagocytosis, Rabbits, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Cytochalasin D, Neutrophil Activation, Leukocyte Elastase, Virulence Factors

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria

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