ETosis: A Novel Cell Death Pathway
Abstract
The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) by neutrophils and mast cells is an important mechanism in the innate immune response. These structures consist of a chromatin-DNA backbone with attached antimicrobial peptides and enzymes that trap and kill microbes. After stimulation of neutrophils and mast cells with phorbol esters, chemoattractant peptides, or chemokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, by NAPDH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)] oxidase initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the disintegration of the nuclear and cellular membranes and the formation of ETs. This form of cell death is neither apoptotic nor necrotic, but whether it occurs because of the oxidation of phosphatases and kinases, as in other ROS-mediated signaling cascades, remains to be elucidated. These findings implicate "ETosis" as a novel cell death pathway in leukocytes.
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NET-like structures can be released by cells other than neutrophils, including mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils.
“NET-like structures can be released by cells other than neutrophils, including mast cells [732], eosinophils [733], and basophils [734].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [732]
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- Authors
- Wartha, F., & Henriques-Normark, B.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 17182 Solna, Sweden, and the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Venue
- Science Signaling
- Published
- 2008-05-27
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- pe25-pe25
- ISSN
- 1937-9145 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-0877
- OpenAlex
- W2076770085
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science Signaling (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Keywords
- extracellular traps, ETosis, neutrophils, mast cells, cell death pathways, reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, innate immunity, antimicrobial peptides, leukocytes
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Bacterial Adhesion, Immunity, Mast Cells, Neutrophils, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species
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