The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine
Abstract
The distal human intestine represents an anaerobic bioreactor programmed with an enormous population of bacteria, dominated by relatively few divisions that are highly diverse at the strain/subspecies level. This microbiota and its collective genomes (microbiome) provide us with genetic and metabolic attributes we have not been required to evolve on our own, including the ability to harvest otherwise inaccessible nutrients. New studies are revealing how the gut microbiota has coevolved with us and how it manipulates and complements our biology in ways that are mutually beneficial. We are also starting to understand how certain keystone members of the microbiota operate to maintain the stability and functional adaptability of this microbial organ.
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“Increased gut permeability is thought to facilitate the movement of inflammatory mediators from the gut into the circulation, promoting systemic insulin resistance [134,136].”
From The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018) · cites this paper as [136]
In the citing paper
“Most of the animal and human studies have reported that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an altered ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [8,9].”
From Effects of Regular Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Study (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“It is now understood that the gut microbiota coevolved with the human host over thousands of years and are integral to overall human physiology, playing a pivotal role in metabolism, immune system function and maintenance of gut homeostasis.1, 2”
From Update on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation 2015: Indications, Methodologies, Mechanisms, and Outlook (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“This number is likely an underestimate given the lack of any systematic analyses of the gut microbial metabolism of drugs and the vast genetic diversity within the microbiome34.”
From The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“A major function of the gut microbiota is to aid in host food digestion, harvesting key nutrients that the host is incapable of metabolizing without the help of microbes (Backhed et al., 2005).”
From The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Cancer, Immunity, and Cancer Immunotherapy (2018) · cites this paper as Backhed et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Under healthy conditions, the microbiota influences numerous physiological processes within the host, such as protection against pathogens, nutrient digestion and absorption, development, and education of multiple host organs and the immune system (3–6).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [4]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bäckhed, F., Ley, R. E., Sonnenburg, J. L., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I.
- Affiliations
- Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ley, Ruth E.
- Gordon, Jeffrey I.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2005-03-25
- Volume
- 307
- Issue
- 5717
- Pages
- 1915-1920
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1980914602
- Cited by
- 5,277
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 143 · 2025: 225 · 2024: 281 · 2023: 322 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 389 · 2020: 359 · 2019: 344 · 2018: 276 · 2017: 277 · 2016: 313 · 2015: 257 · 2014: 288 · 2013: 243 · 2012: 227
- FWCI
- 10.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, human intestine, microbiome, coevolution, microbial diversity, strain-level diversity, nutrient acquisition, microbiological stability, keystone species, anaerobic bioreactor
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Bacteroides, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Biological Evolution, Humans, Intestines, Obesity, Selection, Genetic, Genome, Bacterial, Ecosystem, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Gastrointestinal Tract, Biodiversity
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