Cited by 460Cellular transport and secretionRNA and protein synthesis mechanismsNuclear Structure and Function

Protein translocation across biological membranes

Wickner, William, Schekman, Randy·2005·Science

Abstract

Subcellular compartments have unique protein compositions, yet protein synthesis only occurs in the cytosol and in mitochondria and chloroplasts. How do proteins get where they need to go? The first steps are targeting to an organelle and efficient translocation across its limiting membrane. Given that most transport systems are exquisitely substrate specific, how are diverse protein sequences recognized for translocation? Are they translocated as linear polypeptide chains or after folding? During translocation, how are diverse amino acyl side chains accommodated? What are the proteins and the lipid environment that catalyze transport and couple it to energy? How is translocation coordinated with protein synthesis and folding, and how are partially translocated transmembrane proteins released into the lipid bilayer? We review here the marked progress of the past 35 years and salient questions for future work. Subcellular compartments have unique protein compositions, yet protein synthesis only occurs in the cytosol and in mitochondria and chloroplasts. How do proteins get where they need to go? The first steps are targeting to an organelle and efficient translocation across its limiting membrane. Given that most transport systems are exquisitely substrate specific, how are diverse protein sequences recognized for translocation? Are they translocated as linear polypeptide chains or after folding? During translocation, how are diverse amino acyl side chains accommodated? What are the proteins and the lipid environment that catalyze transport and couple it to energy? How is translocation coordinated with protein synthesis and folding, and how are partially translocated transmembrane proteins released into the lipid bilayer? We review here the marked progress of the past 35 years and salient questions for future work.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.1113752

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  • Cargo protein with a classic NLS requires a direct interaction with importin-α to be transported through the nuclear pore complex.

    “Cargo protein with a classic NLS requires a direct interaction with importin-α to be transported through the nuclear pore complex [31], [40], [45], [46], [47]”
  • Transportation of cargo protein in importin-α/−β protein complexes through the NPC requires energy derived from the activities of GTPases.

    “Transportation of cargo protein in importin-α/−β protein complexes through the NPC requires energy derived from the activities of GTPases [40], [45] (Figure 2A).”

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Authors
Wickner, W., & Schekman, R.
Affiliations
Dartmouth College (US)
Corresponding author
  • Wickner, William
  • Schekman, Randy
Venue
Science
Published
2005-12-02
Volume
310
Issue
5753
Pages
1452-1456
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2021288400
Cited by
458
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 28
FWCI
2.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
Keywords
protein translocation, biological membranes, organelle targeting, mitochondrial protein import, chloroplast protein import, substrate specificity, membrane lipid environment, energy coupling, subcellular compartmentalization
MeSH terms
Carrier Proteins, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Intracellular Membranes, Mitochondria, Protein Biosynthesis, Protein Folding, Peroxisomes, Protein Transport

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