The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Accelerated Human Population Growth at Protected Area Edges
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) have long been criticized as creations of and for an elite few, where associated costs, but few benefits, are borne by marginalized rural communities. Contrary to predictions of this argument, we found that average human population growth rates on the borders of 306 PAs in 45 countries in Africa and Latin America were nearly double average rural growth, suggesting that PAs attract, rather than repel, human settlement. Higher population growth on PA edges is evident across ecoregions, countries, and continents and is correlated positively with international donor investment in national conservation programs and an index of park-related funding. These findings provide insight on the value of PAs for local people, but also highlight a looming threat to PA effectiveness and biodiversity conservation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, as human populations adjacent to many protected areas are growing rapidly (Wittemyer et al., 2008), colonization and propagule pressures will increase.”
From Scientists' warning on invasive alien species (2020) · cites this paper as Wittemyer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Previous studies suggest that both the rate of landuse change and the growth of human populations can be fastest near protected area boundaries ( 13 -16 ), which accelerate the rate of edge degradation through increased livestock production, crop cultivation, and extraction of natural resources such as charcoal and bushmeat.”
From Cross-boundary human impacts compromise the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Citations
Cites
Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., et al. (2001) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:teotwa]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 8,488
The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild
Sanderson, E. W., Jaiteh, M., Levy, M. A., Redford, K. H., Wannebo, A., & Woolmer, G. (2002) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0891:thfatl]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 2,472
Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty
Adams, W. M., Aveling, R., Brockington, D., Dickson, B., Elliott, J. E., Hutton, J. M., Roe, D., Vira, B., & Wolmer, W. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097920 · Cited by 1,395
Human population in the biodiversity hotspots
Cincotta, R. P., Wisnewski, J., & Engelman, R. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35010105 · Cited by 1,110
INCREASING ISOLATION OF PROTECTED AREAS IN TROPICAL FORESTS OVER THE PAST TWENTY YEARS
DeFries, R., Hansen, A. J., Newton, A. C., & Hansen, M. C. (2005) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/03-5258 · Cited by 763
LAND USE CHANGE AROUND PROTECTED AREAS: MANAGEMENT TO BALANCE HUMAN NEEDS AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION
DeFries, R., Hansen, A. J., Turner, B. L., Reid, R. S., & Liu, J. (2007) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/05-1111 · Cited by 545
A review of the relationships between human population density and biodiversity
Luck, G. (2007) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2007.00028.x · Cited by 498
Balmford, A. P., Gaston, K. J., Blyth, S., James, A., & Kapos, V. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0236945100 · Cited by 449
Peluso, N. L. (1993) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/0959-3780(93)90006-7 · Cited by 446
Poverty Risks and National Parks: Policy Issues in Conservation and Resettlement
Cernea, M. M., & Schmidt–Soltau, K. (2006) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.02.008 · Cited by 424
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- A. de Sherbinin, M. Freudenberger, Parks8, 38 (1998).
- A. de Sherbinin, Oryx42, 26 (2008).
- UNEP-WCMC Prototype Nationally Designated Protected Areas Database (WCMC/UNEP Cambridge 2003); available at www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/nat.htm (accessed September 2007).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity
Lambin, E. F., & Meyfroidt, P. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1100480108 · Cited by 3,160
Scientists' warning on invasive alien species
Pyšek, P., Hulme, P. E., Simberloff, D., Bacher, S., Blackburn, T. M., Carlton, J. T., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Foxcroft, L. C., Genovesi, P., et al. (2020) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.12627 · Cited by 2,234
Sustainable tourism: Research and reality
Buckley, R. (2012) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003 · Cited by 1,368
Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in a human‐modified world
Gardner, T. A., Barlow, J., Chazdon, R. L., Ewers, R. M., Harvey, C. A., Peres, C. A., & Sodhi, N. S. (2009) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01294.x · Cited by 1,024
“However, only 9.8% of the entire tropical forest biome lies within strictly protected areas (Schmitt et al. 2008), and the long-term viability of existing reserves is strongly affected by patterns of human activity in adjacent areas (Wittemyer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialAndersson, E., Barthel, S., Borgström, S. T., Colding, J., Elmqvist, T., Folke, C., & Gren, Å. (2014) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0506-y · Cited by 730
“The appreciation of green infrastructures in cities is often manifested in higher house prices close to green areas (Wittemyer et al. 2008).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wittemyer, G., Elsen, P., Bean, W. T., Burton, A. C. O., & Brashares, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Wittemyer, George
- Brashares, Justin S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-07-04
- Volume
- 321
- Issue
- 5885
- Pages
- 123-126
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2093559267
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 37.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- protected areas, population growth, rural settlement, conservation effectiveness, biodiversity conservation, donor funding, conservation funding, Africa, Latin America
- MeSH terms
- Conservation of Natural Resources, Financial Support, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, International Agencies, Latin America, Population Growth, Poverty, Rural Population, Ecosystem, Africa South of the Sahara, Biodiversity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
