The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Undulatory Swimming in Sand: Subsurface Locomotion of the Sandfish Lizard
Abstract
Swimming Through Sand: Although composed of solid particles, sand can behave like a fluid. If you had to swim through sand, how would you do it? Would you use your arms and legs for propulsion or would you make your body as compact as possible and try to wiggle and slither your way through? Maladen et al. (p. 314 ) used x-ray imaging to study the motion of sandfish lizards as they burrowed into sand. The sandfish lizard does not use its limbs, but instead flattens them against its body and uses large-amplitude traveling wave oscillation of its body to propel itself. Modeling can explain the motion the lizard uses to propel itself through a medium that is neither liquid nor solid.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
How animals move: an integrative view
Dickinson, M. H., Farley, C. T., Full, R. J., Koehl, M. A. R., Kram, R., & Lehman, S. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5463.100 · Cited by 1,633
Statics and Kinematics of Granular Materials
Nedderman, R. M. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511600043 · Cited by 1,322
The Propulsion of Sea-Urchin Spermatozoa
Gray, J., & Hancock, G. J. (1955) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.32.4.802 · Cited by 1,169
The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms : with observations on their habits /
Darwin, C., & Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. (1881) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.107559 · Cited by 1,132
Bioturbation: a fresh look at Darwin's last idea
MEYSMAN, F., MIDDELBURG, J., & HEIP, C. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.002 · Cited by 891
The Physics of Granular Materials
Jaeger, H. M., Nagel, S. R., & Behringer, R. P. (1996) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.881494 · Cited by 554
Tetrapod Limblessness: Evolution and Functional Corollaries
Gans, C. (1975) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/15.2.455 · Cited by 345
Gray, J., & Lissmann, H. W. (1964) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.41.1.135 · Cited by 230
Sensitive dependence of the motion of a legged robot on granular media
Li, C., Umbanhowar, P. B., Komsuoglu, H., Koditschek, D. E., & Goldman, D. I. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0809095106 · Cited by 215
Self-citationBurrow extension by crack propagation
Dorgan, K. M., Jumars, P. A., Johnson, B., Boudreau, B. P., & Landis, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/433475a · Cited by 173
Cited by
Undulatory Swimming in Viscoelastic Fluids
Shen, X. N., & Arratia, P. E. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.208101 · Cited by 229
Swimming at low Reynolds number: a beginners guide to undulatory locomotion
Cohen, N., & Boyle, J. H. (2010) · Contemporary Physics · doi:10.1080/00107510903268381 · Cited by 110
Viscoelastic properties of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , a self-similar, shear-thinning worm
Backholm, M., Ryu, W. S., & Dalnoki-Veress, K. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219965110 · Cited by 94
Metadata
- Authors
- Maladen, R. D., Ding, Y., Li, C., & Goldman, D. I.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-07-17
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 5938
- Pages
- 314-318
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1970644774
- Cited by
- 437
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 41.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Undulatory Swimming in Sand: Subsurface Locomotion of the Sandfish Lizard. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1172490
- The paper
- Maladen, R. D., Ding, Y., Li, C., & Goldman, D. I. (2009). Undulatory Swimming in Sand: Subsurface Locomotion of the Sandfish Lizard. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172490
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
