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Forming a Moon with an Earth-like Composition via a Giant Impact
Open accessAbstract
Forming the Moon from Earth It is thought that the Moon formed after a Mars-sized planet hit Earth about 4.5 billion years ago. Computer simulations of this event predict that the Moon was produced primarily from material from the impacting planet. However, the Moon has a similar composition to that of Earth, and the impacting planet would likely have had a different composition. Prior models assumed that the impact left the Earth-Moon system with the same angular momentum as it has today (see the Perspective by Halliday ). Ćuk and Stewart (p. 1047 , published online 17 October; see the cover) show that the angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system could have decreased by half after the Moon-forming impact, opening the door to new impact models. For example, simulations suggest that high-velocity impacts onto a fast-spinning early Earth can lead to a Moon formed primarily from Earth's mantle. Canup (p. 1052 , published online 17 October) considered instead lower-velocity impacts by planets comparable in mass to the proto-Earth, which could generate a Moon and an Earth with similar compositions.
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“however, numerical simulations of a giant impact thought to have formed the Earth-Moon system suggests that over 50 vol% of the Earth's mantle could have melted, indicating a magma ocean to at least 600 km depth”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Canup, 2012
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Cites
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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“magma ocean (or crystal-rich mush) to a depth of ~150–300 km below the surface (Hofmeister, 1983; Ohtani, 1985; Elkins-Tanton, 2012); however, numerical simulations of a giant impact thought to have formed the Earth–Moon system suggests that over 50 vol% of the Earth's mantle could have melted, indicating a magma ocea…”
BackgroundThe Origin of the Moon Within a Terrestrial Synestia
Lock, S. J., Stewart, S. T., Petaev, M. I., Leinhardt, Z. M., Mace, M., Jacobsen, S. B., & Ćuk, M. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2017je005333 · Cited by 328
Water delivery and giant impacts in the ‘Grand Tack’ scenario
O'Brien, D. P., Walsh, K. J., Morbidelli, A., Raymond, S. N., & Mandell, A. M. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.009 · Cited by 288
Metadata
- Authors
- Canup, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Southwest Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Canup, Robin M.
- ORCID
- Canup, Robin M.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2012-11-23
- Volume
- 338
- Issue
- 6110
- Pages
- 1052-1055
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6476314
- OpenAlex
- W2156821519
- Cited by
- 656
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 22.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX13AJ66G)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › History and Developments in Astronomy
- Keywords
- Moon formation, giant impacts, Earth-Moon system, angular momentum, impact velocity, Earth's mantle, Moon composition, impact simulation
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