The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Authigenic Carbonate and the History of the Global Carbon Cycle
Open accessAbstract
The Third Way: Because organic carbon contains a larger fraction of the light isotope 12 C than inorganic carbonate, variations in the carbon isotopic record of sedimentary rocks are thought to represent changes in the amount of organic carbon buried as sediments (and thus removed from the rest of the carbon cycle). Schrag et al. (p. 540 ; see the Perspective by Canfield and Kump ) suggest that historically a third component was important: authigenic carbonate. Authigenic carbonate is not produced in any appreciable quantity today, but was much more abundant when the level of atmospheric oxygen was low.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Periods of low atmospheric oxygen and widespread marine anoxia in past climates have been favorable for the formation of abiotic authigenic carbonates in marine sediment pore fluids, representing a significant carbon sink54.”
From Acceleration of dolomitization by zinc in saline waters (2019) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“These processes can alter carbonate δ 13 C and δ 18 O, as well as the trace element compositions (e.g., Schrag et al., 2013;Swart and Kennedy, 2012), limiting their use for paleoenvironmental proxies.”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Schrag et al., 2013
Citations
Cites
Toward a Neoproterozoic composite carbon-isotope record
Halverson, G. P., Hoffman, P. F., Schrag, D. P., Maloof, A. C., & Rice, A. H. N. (2005) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b25630.1 · Cited by 884
Self-citationHayes, J. M., Strauss, H., & Kaufman, A. J. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00083-2 · Cited by 843
Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction
Payne, J. L., Lehrmann, D. J., Wei, J., Orchard, M. J., Schrag, D. P., & Knoll, A. H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097023 · Cited by 841
Self-citationPaleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction
Knoll, A. H., Bambach, R. K., Payne, J. L., Pruss, S. B., & Fischer, W. W. (2007) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.018 · Cited by 666
Knoll, A. H., Hayes, J. M., Kaufman, A. J., Swett, K., & Lambert, I. B. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/321832a0 · Cited by 650
The late Precambrian greening of the Earth
Knauth, L. P., & Kennedy, M. J. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08213 · Cited by 634
Macdonald, F. A., Schmitz, M. D., Crowley, J. L., Roots, C. F., Jones, D. S., Maloof, A. C., Strauss, J. V., Cohen, P. A., Johnston, D. T., & Schrag, D. P. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1183325 · Cited by 594
Self-citationThe carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time
Hayes, J. M., & Waldbauer, J. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1840 · Cited by 504
Prokoph, A., Shields, G. A., & Veizer, J. (2008) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.12.003 · Cited by 498
A burial diagenesis origin for the Ediacaran Shuram–Wonoka carbon isotope anomaly
Derry, L. A. (2010) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.03.022 · Cited by 442
Enigmatic origin of the largest-known carbon isotope excursion in Earth's history
Grotzinger, J. P., Fike, D. A., & Fischer, W. W. (2011) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1138 · Cited by 419
The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change
Maloof, A. C., Porter, S. M., Moore, J. L., Dudas, F. O., Bowring, S. A., Higgins, J. A., Fike, D. A., & Eddy, M. P. (2010) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30346.1 · Cited by 419
Self-citationJiang, G., Kaufman, A. J., Christie‐Blick, N., Zhang, S., & Wu, H. (2007) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.009 · Cited by 409
How Earth's atmosphere evolved to an oxic state: A status report
Catling, D. C., & Claire, M. W. (2005) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.013 · Cited by 376
Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen: New results using the GEOCARBSULF model
Berner, R. A. (2009) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/07.2009.03 · Cited by 314
Roberts, H. H., & Aharon, P. (1994) · Geo-Marine Letters · doi:10.1007/bf01203725 · Cited by 307
Naehr, T., Eichhubl, P., Orphan, V. J., Hovland, M. T., Paull, C. K., Ussler, W., Lorenson, T. D., & Greene, H. G. (2007) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.04.010 · Cited by 286
Remineralization rates, recycling, and storage of carbon in Amazon shelf sediments
Aller, R. C., Blair, N. E., Xia, Q., & Rude, P. D. (1996) · Continental Shelf Research · doi:10.1016/0278-4343(95)00046-1 · Cited by 273
Oxygen Isotopes in Nature and in the Laboratory
Urey, H. C. (1948) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.108.2810.489 · Cited by 266
On the initiation of a snowball Earth
Schrag, D. P., Berner, R. A., Hoffman, P. F., & Halverson, G. P. (2002) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2001gc000219 · Cited by 252
Self-citationIsotopic Evidence for Massive Oxidation of Organic Matter Following the Great Oxidation Event
Kump, L. R., Junium, C., Arthur, M. A., Brasier, M., Fallick, A. E., Melezhik, V. A., Lepland, A., Črne, A. E., & Luo, G. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1213999 · Cited by 242
δ13C evidence that high primary productivity delayed recovery from end-Permian mass extinction
MEYER, K. M., Yu, M., Jost, A. B., Kelley, B. M., & Payne, J. L. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.033 · Cited by 209
Uncovering the Neoproterozoic carbon cycle
Johnston, D. T., Macdonald, F. A., Gill, B. C., Hoffman, P. F., & Schrag, D. P. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10854 · Cited by 208
Self-citationPorewater pH and authigenic phases formed in the uppermost sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin
Reimers, C. E., Ruttenberg, K. C., Canfield, D. E., Christiansen, M. B., & Martin, J. B. (1996) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(96)00231-1 · Cited by 197
Oxygenation of the ocean and sediments: Consequences for the seafloor carbonate factory
Higgins, J. A., Fischer, W. W., & Schrag, D. P. (2009) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.039 · Cited by 195
Self-citationPulse of atmospheric oxygen during the late Cambrian
Saltzman, M. R., Young, S. A., Kump, L. R., Gill, B. C., Lyons, T. W., & Runnegar, B. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011836108 · Cited by 188
Carbon isotope excursions and the oxidant budget of the Ediacaran atmosphere and ocean
Bristow, T. F., & Kennedy, M. J. (2008) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g24968a.1 · Cited by 175
Dolomite formation in the dynamic deep biosphere: results from the Peru Margin
MEISTER, P., MCKENZIE, J. A., VASCONCELOS, C., BERNASCONI, S., FRANK, M., GUTJAHR, M., & SCHRAG, D. P. (2007) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00870.x · Cited by 168
Self-citationTowards a quantitative understanding of the late Neoproterozoic carbon cycle
Bjerrum, C. J., & Canfield, D. E. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1101755108 · Cited by 149
A boundary condition on the evolution of atmospheric oxygen
Broecker, W. S. (1970) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jc075i018p03553 · Cited by 141
Duguid, S., Kyser, T. K., James, N. P., & Rankey, E. C. (2010) · Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.2110/jsr.2010.027 · Cited by 135
Rates of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in deep‐sea sediments
Sivan, O., Schrag, D. P., & Murray, R. W. (2007) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00098.x · Cited by 135
Self-citationNew insights into the burial history of organic carbon on the early Earth
Bjerrum, C. J., & Canfield, D. E. (2004) · Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2004gc000713 · Cited by 82
Shen, B., Xiao, S., Bao, H., Kaufman, A. J., Zhou, C., & Yuan, X. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.12.015 · Cited by 48
Chow, N., Morad, S., & Al-Aasm, I. (2000) · Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.1306/2dc40930-0e47-11d7-8643000102c1865d · Cited by 42
Stable carbon isotope cycling in mobile coastal muds of Amapá, Brazil
Zhu, Z., Aller, R. C., & Mak, J. E. (2002) · Continental Shelf Research · doi:10.1016/s0278-4343(02)00071-7 · Cited by 36
Formation of chemogenic calcite in super-anoxic seawater — Framvaren, southern Norway
Anderson, L. G., Dyrssen, D. W., & Skei, J. M. (1987) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0304-4203(87)90068-5 · Cited by 21
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biodiversity on the Rocks: Macrofauna Inhabiting Authigenic Carbonate at Costa Rica Methane Seeps
Levin, L. A., Mendoza, G., Grupe, B., Gonzalez, J. P., Jellison, B. M., Rouse, G. W., Thurber, A. R., & Warén, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131080 · Cited by 2,166
“Authigenic carbonates may represent an important global carbon reservoir in the past [12] as well as the present, sequestering approximately 14% of methane in active seep settings, as well as CO2 which would otherwise be emitted from the seafloor [13; 14; 15].”
BackgroundThe geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future
Swart, P. K. (2015) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12205 · Cited by 775
Mineralogy, early marine diagenesis, and the chemistry of shallow-water carbonate sediments
Higgins, J., Blättler, C., Lundström, E., Santiago-Ramos, D., Akhtar, A., Ahm, A., Bialik, O., Holmden, C., Bradbury, H., Murray, S., et al. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.046 · Cited by 335
“…2001), the extent to which the bulk and trace element geochemistry of the primary sediment is preserved during the transformation from unlithified sediment into rock is poorly known and widely debated (Swart, 2008; Knauth and Kennedy, 2009; Derry, 2010; Schrag et al., 2013; Husson et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationContinental flood basalt weathering as a trigger for Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth
Cox, G. M., Halverson, G. P., Stevenson, R. K., Vokaty, M., Poirier, A., Kunzmann, M., Li, Z., Denyszyn, S. W., Strauss, J. V., & Macdonald, F. A. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.016 · Cited by 282
Self-citationMechanisms of microbial carbon sequestration in the ocean – future research directions
Jiao, N., Robinson, C., Azam, F., Thomas, H., Baltar, F., Dang, H., Hardman‐Mountford, N. J., Johnson, M. T., Kirchman, D. L., Koch, B. P., et al. (2014) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-11-5285-2014 · Cited by 280
“…under hypoxic or anoxic conditions may have facilitated the accumulation of authigenic carbonate (i.e., derived from DOC) in sediments or bottom water, which may have played an important role in the global carbon budget through Earth’s history (Canfield and Kump, 2013; Schrag et al., 2013).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Schrag, D. P., Higgins, J. A., Macdonald, F. A., & Johnston, D. T.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 339
- Issue
- 6119
- Pages
- 540-543
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2114839168
- Semantic Scholar
- 271d01ca5514443dcc869aa77013e96976d7ffd6
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19
- FWCI
- 26.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nrs.harvard.edu
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- authigenic carbonates, carbon cycle, carbon isotopes, early diagenesis, atmospheric oxygen, ocean anoxia, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Triassic, carbon isotope excursion
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Atmosphere, Carbon Isotopes, Carbonates, Methane, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Geologic Sediments, Carbon Cycle
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
