How Earth's atmosphere evolved to an oxic state: A status report

Catling, David C.; Claire, Mark W.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.013

Cited by 376Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeological and Geochemical AnalysisEarth Systems and Cosmic Evolution

How Earth's atmosphere evolved to an oxic state: A status report

Catling, David C., Claire, Mark W.·2005·Earth and Planetary Science Letters

DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.013

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These O2 levels would have only been attained when the O2 flux from the burial of organic carbon exceeded the kinetically efficient sink from O2-consuming gases from volcanism and metamorphism plus fluxes of reducing cations such as Fe2+ from seafloor vents.
“These O2 levels would have only been attained when the O2 flux from the burial of organic carbon exceeded the kinetically efficient sink from O2-consuming gases (CO, H2, H2S, and SO2) from volcanism and metamorphism plus fluxes of reducing cations such as Fe2+ from seafloor vents (9, 120, 121, 123, 124).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [120]
Because the early Earth atmosphere was non-oxidizing, the ocean would not have been oxidized and is believed to have contained high levels of reduced iron (Fe2+), which may have played a significant role in prebiotic redox reactions.
“As the atmosphere on early Earth was non-oxidizing (Catling and Claire, 2005), the ocean would not have been oxidized, so it is believed to have contained high levels of the reduced form of iron (Fe2+), which may have played a significant role in prebiotic redox reactions.”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Catling and Claire, 2005
On the modern Earth, even if all the surface biomass (4.4 × 1017 Tmol C) were oxidized, only 1% of atmospheric oxygen would be depleted.
“However, on the modern Earth, even if all the surface biomass (4.4 × 1017 Tmol C) were oxidized, only 1% of atmospheric oxygen would be depleted (69).”
From Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life (2018) · cites this paper as [69]

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Searle (1999) · doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111

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The Microbial Engines That Drive Earth's Biogeochemical Cycles
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Superoxide dismutases and superoxide reductases
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Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans
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Mineral evolution
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The rise of atmospheric oxygen
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Authigenic Carbonate and the History of the Global Carbon Cycle
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The Iron Isotope Fingerprints of Redox and Biogeochemical Cycling in Modern and Ancient Earth
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Early anaerobic metabolisms
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M Stars as Targets for Terrestrial Exoplanet Searches And Biosignature Detection
Scalo, J., Kaltenegger, L., Segura, A., Fridlund, M. C., Ribas, I., Kulikov, Y. N., Grenfell, J. L., Rauer, H., Odert, P., Leitzinger, M., et al. (2007) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2006.0125 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve?
Buick, R. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0041 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
The faint young Sun problem
Feulner, G. (2012) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2011rg000375 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The loss of mass‐independent fractionation in sulfur due to a Palaeoproterozoic collapse of atmospheric methane
ZAHNLE, K., CLAIRE, M., & CATLING, D. (2006) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00085.x · Cited by 315 · see citing works
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A Reassessment of Prebiotic Organic Synthesis in Neutral Planetary Atmospheres
Cleaves, H. J., Chalmers, J. H., Lazcano, A., Miller, S. L., & Bada, J. L. (2008) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-007-9120-3 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Cyanobacteria and the Great Oxidation Event: evidence from genes and fossils
Schirrmeister, B. E., Gugger, M., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2015) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/pala.12178 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Evidence and implications for a widespread magmatic shutdown for 250 My on Earth
Condie, K. C., O’Neill, C., & Aster, R. C. (2009) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.033 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation
Goldblatt, C., Lenton, T. M., & Watson, A. J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05169 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Evidence for a gradual rise of oxygen between 2.6 and 2.5 Ga from Mo isotopes and Re-PGE signatures in shales
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Evolution of uranium and thorium minerals
Hazen, R. M., Ewing, R. C., & Sverjensky, D. A. (2009) · American Mineralogist · doi:10.2138/am.2009.3208 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Neoproterozoic glaciation in the Earth System
Fairchild, I. J., & Kennedy, M. J. (2007) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/0016-76492006-191 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
The copper isotope geochemistry of rivers and the oceans
Vance, D., Archer, C., Bermin, J., Perkins, J., Statham, P. J., Lohan, M. C., Ellwood, M. J., & Mills, R. A. (2008) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.026 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Geological constraints on the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis
Farquhar, J., Zerkle, A. L., & Bekker, A. (2011) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-010-9594-0 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Two-step rise of atmospheric oxygen linked to the growth of continents
Lee, C.-T. A., Yeung, L. Y., McKenzie, N. R., Yokoyama, Y., Ozaki, K., & Lenardic, A. (2016) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2707 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Framework for Their Assessment
Catling, D. C., Krissansen-Totton, J., Kiang, N. Y., Crisp, D., Robinson, T. D., DasSarma, S., Rushby, A. J., Del Genio, A., Bains, W., & Domagal-Goldman, S. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1737 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citation
Origin and evolution of the atmospheres of early Venus, Earth and Mars
Lammer, H., Zerkle, A. L., Gebauer, S., Tosi, N., Noack, L., Scherf, M., Pilat-Lohinger, E., Güdel, M., Grenfell, J. L., Godolt, M., et al. (2018) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-018-0108-y · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Biogeochemical modelling of the rise in atmospheric oxygen
CLAIRE, M. W., CATLING, D. C., & ZAHNLE, K. J. (2006) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00084.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citation
ABIOTIC O2LEVELS ON PLANETS AROUND F, G, K, AND M STARS: POSSIBLE FALSE POSITIVES FOR LIFE?
Harman, C. E., Schwieterman, E. W., Schottelkotte, J. C., & Kasting, J. F. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/812/2/137 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Geophysical controls of chemical disequilibria in Europa
Vance, S. D., Hand, K. P., & Pappalardo, R. T. (2016) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2016gl068547 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Deep magma ocean formation set the oxidation state of Earth’s mantle
Armstrong, K., Frost, D. J., McCammon, C. A., Rubie, D. C., & Boffa Ballaran, T. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax8376 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Geophysical Investigations of Habitability in Ice-Covered Ocean Worlds
Vance, S. D., Panning, M. P., Stähler, S. C., Cammarano, F., Bills, B. G., Tobie, G., Kamata, S., Kedar, S., Sotin, C., Pike, W. T., et al. (2018) · Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) · doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000245176 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Neoproterozoic iron formation: An evaluation of its temporal, environmental and tectonic significance
Cox, G. M., Halverson, G. P., Minarik, W. G., Heron, D. P. L., Macdonald, F. A., Bellefroid, E. J., & Strauss, J. V. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.002 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Palaeoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution
Reddy, S. M., Mazumder, R., Evans, D. A. D., & Collins, A. S. (2009) · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Coevolution of metal availability and nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria and algae
GLASS, J. B., WOLFE‐SIMON, F., & ANBAR, A. D. (2009) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00190.x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Iron-binding ligands and their role in the ocean biogeochemistry of iron
Hunter, K. A., & Boyd, P. W. (2007) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en07012 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life
Krissansen-Totton, J., Olson, S., & Catling, D. C. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao5747 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citation
Palaeoproterozoic supercontinents and global evolution: correlations from core to atmosphere
Reddy, S. M., & Evans, D. A. D. (2009) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp323.1 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Atmospheric oxygen regulation at low Proterozoic levels by incomplete oxidative weathering of sedimentary organic carbon
Daines, S. J., Mills, B. J. W., & Lenton, T. M. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14379 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF PLATE TECTONIC–CLIMATE COUPLING AND EXPOSED LAND AREA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HABITABLE CLIMATES ON ROCKY PLANETS
Foley, B. J. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/812/1/36 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Atmospheric Escape Processes and Planetary Atmospheric Evolution
Gronoff, G., Arras, P., Baraka, S., Bell, J. M., Cessateur, G., Cohen, O., Curry, S. M., Drake, J. J., Elrod, M. K., Erwin, J. T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2019ja027639 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Stepwise Earth oxygenation is an inherent property of global biogeochemical cycling
Alcott, L. J., Mills, B. J. W., & Poulton, S. W. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax6459 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Methylhopane biomarker hydrocarbons in Hamersley Province sediments provide evidence for Neoarchean aerobiosis
Eigenbrode, J. L., Freeman, K. H., & Summons, R. E. (2008) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.037 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Detectability of Biosignatures in Anoxic Atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope: A TRAPPIST-1e Case Study
Krissansen-Totton, J., Garland, R., Irwin, P., & Catling, D. C. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad564 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citation
What caused the rise of atmospheric O2?
Kasting, J. F. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.039 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Geological sulfur isotopes indicate elevated OCS in the Archean atmosphere, solving faint young sun paradox
Ueno, Y., Johnson, M. S., Danielache, S. O., Eskebjerg, C., Pandey, A., & Yoshida, N. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903518106 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Contributions to late Archaean sulphur cycling by life on land
Stüeken, E. E., Catling, D. C., & Buick, R. (2012) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1585 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citation
A test of the nitrogen-limitation hypothesis for retarded eukaryote radiation: Nitrogen isotopes across a Mesoproterozoic basinal profile
Stüeken, E. E. (2013) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.002 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The Astrobiology Primer v2.0
Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Adamala, K., Arina de la Rubia, L., Bond, J., Dartnell, L. R., Goldman, A. D., Lynch, K., et al. (2016) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1460 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“As the atmosphere on early Earth was non-oxidizing (Catling and Claire, 2005), the ocean would not have been oxidized, so it is believed to have contained high levels of the reduced form of iron (Fe2+), which may have played a significant role in prebiotic redox reactions.”
Palaeoproterozoic ice houses and the evolution of oxygen-mediating enzymes: the case for a late origin of photosystem II
Kirschvink, J. L., & Kopp, R. E. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0024 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Nitrogen speciation in mantle and crustal fluids
Li, Y., & Keppler, H. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.12.031 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The Alkaline Solution to the Emergence of Life: Energy, Entropy and Early Evolution
Russell, M. J. (2007) · Acta Biotheoretica · doi:10.1007/s10441-007-9018-5 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Ediacaran growth of the marine sulfate reservoir
Halverson, G. P., & Hurtgen, M. T. (2007) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.08.022 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Biologically induced initiation of Neoproterozoic snowball-Earth events
Tziperman, E., Halevy, I., Johnston, D. T., Knoll, A. H., & Schrag, D. P. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1016361108 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Production of hydrogen peroxide in the atmosphere of a Snowball Earth and the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis
Liang, M., Hartman, H., Kopp, R. E., Kirschvink, J. L., & Yung, Y. L. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608839103 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The energy expansions of evolution
Judson, O. P. (2017) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0138 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The Great Oxidation and a Siderian snowball Earth: MIF-S based correlation of Paleoproterozoic glacial epochs
Hoffman, P. F. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.04.018 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Preservation of primary REE patterns without Ce anomaly during dolomitization of Mid-Paleoproterozoic limestone and the potential re-establishment of marine anoxia immediately after the "Great Oxidation Event"
Bau, M. (2006) · South African Journal of Geology · doi:10.2113/gssajg.109.1-2.81 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Clay mineralogy, organic carbon burial, and redox evolution in Proterozoic oceans
Tosca, N. J., Johnston, D. T., Mushegian, A. A., Rothman, D. H., Summons, R. E., & Knoll, A. H. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Modeling the signature of sulfur mass-independent fractionation produced in the Archean atmosphere
Claire, M. W., Kasting, J. F., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Stüeken, E. E., Buick, R., & Meadows, V. S. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.032 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citation
Isotopic and speciation study on cerium during its solid–water distribution with implication for Ce stable isotope as a paleo-redox proxy
Nakada, R., Takahashi, Y., & Tanimizu, M. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.045 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Microaerobic steroid biosynthesis and the molecular fossil record of Archean life
Waldbauer, J., Newman, D., & Summons, R. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104160108 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Earth's atmosphere – Hadean to early Proterozoic
Shaw, G. H. (2008) · Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2008.05.001 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Multiple oscillations in Neoarchaean atmospheric chemistry
Izon, G., Zerkle, A. L., Zhelezinskaia, I., Farquhar, J., Newton, R. J., Poulton, S. W., Eigenbrode, J. L., & Claire, M. W. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.018 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Constraining atmospheric oxygen and seawater sulfate concentrations during Paleoproterozoic glaciation: In situ sulfur three-isotope microanalysis of pyrite from the Turee Creek Group, Western Australia
Williford, K. H., Kranendonk, M. J. V., Ushikubo, T., Kozdon, R., & Valley, J. W. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.010 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Were transgressive black shales a negative feedback modulating glacioeustasy in the Early Palaeozoic Icehouse?
Page, A. A., Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., & Popov, L. E. (2018) · The Geological Society of London on behalf of The Micropalaeontological Society eBooks · doi:10.1144/tms002.6 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The biogeochemistry of ferruginous lakes and past ferruginous oceans
Swanner, E. D., Lambrecht, N., Wittkop, C. A., Harding, C., Katsev, S., Torgeson, J. M., & Poulton, S. W. (2020) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103430 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The Great Oxidation Event and Mineral Diversification
Sverjensky, D. A., & Lee, N. (2010) · Elements · doi:10.2113/gselements.6.1.31 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The five stable isotope compositions of Fig Tree barites: Implications on sulfur cycle in ca. 3.2Ga oceans
Bao, H., Rumble, D., III, & Lowe, D. R. (2007) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.05.032 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
False Negatives for Remote Life Detection on Ocean-Bearing Planets: Lessons from the Early Earth
Reinhard, C. T., Olson, S. L., Schwieterman, E. W., & Lyons, T. W. (2017) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1598 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Ni isotope fractionation during sorption to ferrihydrite: Implications for Ni in banded iron formations
Wasylenki, L. E., Howe, H., Spivak-Birndorf, L. J., & Bish, D. L. (2015) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.02.007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tracing Earth’s O2 evolution using Zn/Fe ratios in marine carbonates
Liu, X., Kah, L. C., Knoll, A. H., Cui, H., Kaufman, A. J., Shahar, A., & Hazen, R. M. (2015) · Geochemical Perspectives Letters · doi:10.7185/geochemlet.1603 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Strongly Peraluminous Granites across the Archean–Proterozoic Transition
Bucholz, C. E., & Spencer, C. J. (2019) · Journal of Petrology · doi:10.1093/petrology/egz033 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
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Authors: Catling, D. C., & Claire, M. W.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Catling, David C.
ORCID: Catling, David C.
Claire, Mark W.
Venue: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-08
Volume: 237
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 1-20
ISSN: 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.013
OpenAlex: W2008608758
Cited by: 376
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 19.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion)
Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
Keywords: atmospheric oxygenation, Great Oxidation, Snowball Earth, methane, greenhouse gases, carbon cycle, oxygenic photosynthesis, early atmosphere, Precambrian

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