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A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
Abstract
The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.
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“Recent findings suggest that Mars may have been habitable for hundreds of millions of years early in its geological history (Grotzinger et al. 2014).”
From Environmental Adaptation from the Origin of Life to the Last Universal Common Ancestor (2018) · cites this paper as Grotzinger et al. 2014
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Mineralogy of the Martian Surface
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Self-citationMineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
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Self-citationDeposition, exhumation, and paleoclimate of an ancient lake deposit, Gale crater, Mars
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Self-citationOrganic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars
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- Authors
- Grotzinger, J. P., Sumner, D. Y., Kah, L. C., Stack, K., Gupta, S., Edgar, L., Rubin, D., Lewis, K., Schieber, J., Mangold, N., Milliken, R., Conrad, P. G., DesMarais, D., Farmer, J., Siebach, K., Calef, F., Hurowitz, J., McLennan, S. M., Ming, D., Vaniman, D., Crisp, J., Vasavada, A., Edgett, K. S., Malin, M., Blake, D., Gellert, R., Mahaffy, P., Wiens, R. C., Maurice, S., Grant, J. A., Wilson, S., Anderson, R. C., Beegle, L., Arvidson, R., Hallet, B., Sletten, R. S., Rice, M., Bell, J., Griffes, J., Ehlmann, B., Anderson, R. B., Bristow, T. F., Dietrich, W. E., Dromart, G., Eigenbrode, J., Fraeman, A., Hardgrove, C., Herkenhoff, K., Jandura, L., Kocurek, G., Lee, S., Leshin, L. A., Leveille, R., Limonadi, D., Maki, J., McCloskey, S., Meyer, M., Minitti, M., Newsom, H., Oehler, D., Okon, A., Palucis, M., Parker, T., Rowland, S., Schmidt, M., Squyres, S., Steele, A., Stolper, E., Summons, R., Treiman, A., Williams, R., Yingst, A., Team, M. S., Kemppinen, O., Bridges, N., Johnson, J. R., Cremers, D., Godber, A., Wadhwa, M., Wellington, D., McEwan, I., Newman, C., Richardson, M., Charpentier, A., Peret, L., King, P., Blank, J., Weigle, G., Li, S., Robertson, K., Sun, V., Baker, M., Edwards, C., Farley, K., Miller, H., Newcombe, M., Pilorget, C., Brunet, C., Hipkin, V., Léveillé, R., Marchand, G., Sánchez, P. S., Favot, L., Cody, G., Flückiger, L., Lees, D., Nefian, A., Martin, M., Gailhanou, M., Westall, F., Israël, G., Agard, C., Baroukh, J., Donny, C., Gaboriaud, A., Guillemot, P., Lafaille, V., Lorigny, E., Paillet, A., Pérez, R., Saccoccio, M., Yana, C., Armiens-Aparicio, C., Rodríguez, J. C., Blázquez, I. C., Gómez, F. G., Gómez-Elvira, J., Hettrich, S., Malvitte, A. L., Jiménez, M. M., Martínez-Frías, J., Martín-Soler, J., Martín-Torres, F. J., Jurado, A. M., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Caro, G. M., López, S. N., Peinado-González, V., Pla-García, J., Manfredi, J. A. R., Romeral-Planelló, J. J., Fuentes, S. A. S., Martinez, E. S., Redondo, J. T., Urqui-O’Callaghan, R., Mier, M.-P. Z., Chipera, S., Lacour, J.-L., Mauchien, P., Sirven, J.-B., Manning, H., Fairén, A., Hayes, A., Joseph, J., Sullivan, R., Thomas, P., Dupont, A., Lundberg, A., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., DeMarines, J., Grinspoon, D., Reitz, G., Prats, B., Atlaskin, E., Genzer, M., Harri, A.-M., Haukka, H., Kahanpää, H., Kauhanen, J., Paton, M., Polkko, J., Schmidt, W., Siili, T., Fabre, C., Wray, J., Wilhelm, M. B., Poitrasson, F., Patel, K., Gorevan, S., Indyk, S., Paulsen, G., Bish, D., Gondet, B., Langevin, Y., Geffroy, C., Baratoux, D., Berger, G., Cros, A., d’Uston, C., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Lasue, J., Lee, Q.-M., Meslin, P.-Y., Pallier, E., Parot, Y., Pinet, P., Schröder, S., Toplis, M., Lewin, É., Brunner, W., Heydari, E., Achilles, C., Sutter, B., Cabane, M., Coscia, D., Szopa, C., Robert, F., Sautter, V., Le Mouélic, S., Nachon, M., Buch, A., Stalport, F., Coll, P., François, P., Raulin, F., Teinturier, S., Cameron, J., Clegg, S., Cousin, A., DeLapp, D., Dingler, R., Jackson, R. S., Johnstone, S., Lanza, N., Little, C., Nelson, T., Williams, R. B., Jones, A., Kirkland, L., Baker, B., Cantor, B., Caplinger, M., Davis, S., Duston, B., Fay, D., Harker, D., Herrera, P., Jensen, E., Kennedy, M. R., Krezoski, G., Krysak, D., Lipkaman, L., McCartney, E., McNair, S., Nixon, B., Posiolova, L., Ravine, M., Salamon, A., Saper, L., Stoiber, K., Supulver, K., Van Beek, J., Van Beek, T., Zimdar, R., French, K. L., Iagnemma, K., Miller, K., Goesmann, F., Goetz, W., Hviid, S., Johnson, M., Lefavor, M., Lyness, E., Breves, E., Dyar, M. D., Fassett, C., Edwards, L., Haberle, R., Hoehler, T., Hollingsworth, J., Kahre, M., Keely, L., McKay, C., Bleacher, L., Brinckerhoff, W., Choi, D., Dworkin, J. P., Floyd, M., Freissinet, C., Garvin, J., Glavin, D., Harpold, D., Martin, D. K., McAdam, A., Pavlov, A., Raaen, E., Smith, M. D., Stern, J., Tan, F., Trainer, M., Posner, A., Voytek, M., Aubrey, A., Behar, A., Blaney, D., Brinza, D., Christensen, L., DeFlores, L., Feldman, J., Feldman, S., Flesch, G., Jun, I., Keymeulen, D., Mischna, M., Morookian, J. M., Pavri, B., Schoppers, M., Sengstacken, A., Simmonds, J. J., Spanovich, N., Juarez, M. D. L. T., Webster, C. R., Yen, A., Archer, P. D., Cucinotta, F., Jones, J. H., Morris, R. V., Niles, P., Rampe, E., Nolan, T., Fisk, M., Radziemski, L., Barraclough, B., Bender, S., Berman, D., Dobrea, E. N., Tokar, R., Cleghorn, T., Huntress, W., Manhès, G., Hudgins, J., Olson, T., Stewart, N., Sarrazin, P., Vicenzi, E., Bullock, M., Ehresmann, B., Hamilton, V., Hassler, D., Peterson, J., Rafkin, S., Zeitlin, C., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Karpushkina, N., Kozyrev, A., Litvak, M., Malakhov, A., Mitrofanov, I., Mokrousov, M., Nikiforov, S., Prokhorov, V., Sanin, A., Tretyakov, V., Varenikov, A., Vostrukhin, A., Kuzmin, R., Clark, B., Wolff, M., Botta, O., Drake, D., Bean, K., Lemmon, M., Schwenzer, S. P., Lee, E. M., Sucharski, R., Hernández, M. Á. D. P., Ávalos, J. J. B., Ramos, M., Kim, M.-H., Malespin, C., Plante, I., Muller, J.-P., Navarro-González, R., Ewing, R., Boynton, W., Downs, R., Fitzgibbon, M., Harshman, K., Morrison, S., Kortmann, O., Williams, A., Lugmair, G., Wilson, M. A., Jakosky, B., Balic-Zunic, T., Frydenvang, J., Jensen, J. K., Kinch, K., Koefoed, A., Madsen, M. B., Stipp, S. L. S., Boyd, N., Campbell, J. L., Perrett, G., Pradler, I., VanBommel, S., Jacob, S., Owen, T., Savijärvi, H., Boehm, E., Böttcher, S., Burmeister, S., Guo, J., Köhler, J., García, C. M., Mueller-Mellin, R., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Bridges, J. C., McConnochie, T., Benna, M., Franz, H., Bower, H., Brunner, A., Blau, H., Boucher, T., Carmosino, M., Atreya, S., Elliott, H., Halleaux, D., Rennó, N., Wong, M., Pepin, R., Elliott, B., Spray, J., Thompson, L., Gordon, S., Ollila, A., Williams, J., Vasconcelos, P., Bentz, J., Nealson, K., Popa, R., Moersch, J., Tate, C., Day, M., Francis, R., McCullough, E., Cloutis, E., ten Kate, I. L., Scholes, D., Slavney, S., Stein, T., Ward, J., Berger, J., & Moores, J. E.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Arizona State University (US)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Brown University (US)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Ames Research Center (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Johnson Space Center (US)
- Planetary Science Institute (US)
- Malin Space Science Systems (United States) (US)
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
- Smithsonian Institution (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Université de Lyon (FR)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (US)
- Canadian Space Agency, St-Hubert, Quebec J3Y 8Y9, Canada.
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA.
- University of New Mexico (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Brock University (CA)
- Cornell University (US)
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Lunar and Planetary Institute (US)
- GeoRessources (FR)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grotzinger, J. P.
- Team, MSL Science
- ORCID
- Grotzinger, J. P.
- Sumner, D. Y.
- Kah, L. C.
- Stack, K.
- Gupta, S.
- Rubin, D.
- Lewis, K.
- Schieber, J.
- Mangold, N.
- Milliken, R.
- Conrad, P. G.
- Siebach, K.
- Calef, F.
- Hurowitz, J.
- McLennan, S. M.
- Ming, D.
- Vaniman, D.
- Crisp, J.
- Vasavada, A.
- Edgett, K. S.
- Malin, M.
- Blake, D.
- Gellert, R.
- Mahaffy, P.
- Wiens, R. C.
- Maurice, S.
- Grant, J. A.
- Wilson, S.
- Anderson, R. C.
- Beegle, L.
- Arvidson, R.
- Hallet, B.
- Sletten, R. S.
- Rice, M.
- Ehlmann, B.
- Anderson, R. B.
- Bristow, T. F.
- Dietrich, W. E.
- Eigenbrode, J.
- Fraeman, A.
- Hardgrove, C.
- Herkenhoff, K.
- Limonadi, D.
- Maki, J.
- Minitti, M.
- Newsom, H.
- Oehler, D.
- Palucis, M.
- Parker, T.
- Rowland, S.
- Schmidt, M.
- Steele, A.
- Summons, R.
- Treiman, A.
- Williams, R.
- Yingst, A.
- Johnson, Jeffrey R.
- Wadhwa, Meenakshi
- Wellington, Danika
- Newman, Claire
- Richardson, Mark
- King, Penelope
- Blank, Jennifer
- Li, Shuai
- Sun, Vivian
- Edwards, Christopher
- Farley, Kenneth
- Miller, Hayden
- Newcombe, Megan
- Pilorget, Cedric
- Cody, George
- Flückiger, Lorenzo
- Gailhanou, Marc
- Donny, Christophe
- Guillemot, Philippe
- Paillet, Alexis
- Pérez, René
- Yana, Charles
- Rodríguez, Javier Caride
- Gómez, Felipe Gómez
- Hettrich, Sebastian
- Romeral-Planelló, Julio José
- Chipera, Steve
- Sirven, Jean-Baptiste
- Fairén, Alberto
- Hayes, Alexander
- Thomas, Peter
- Melikechi, Noureddine
- Grinspoon, David
- Reitz, Günther
- Prats, Benito
- Harri, Ari-Matti
- Haukka, Harri
- Kahanpää, Henrik
- Kauhanen, Janne
- Paton, Mark
- Polkko, Jouni
- Fabre, Cécile
- Wray, James
- Wilhelm, Mary Beth
- Poitrasson, Franck
- Bish, David
- Gondet, Brigitte
- Langevin, Yves
- Baratoux, David
- Berger, Gilles
- Forni, Olivier
- Gasnault, Olivier
- Meslin, Pierre-Yves
- Pinet, Patrick
- Schröder, Susanne
- Achilles, Cherie
- Szopa, Cyril
- Sautter, Violaine
- Nachon, Marion
- Buch, Arnaud
- Stalport, Fabien
- Coll, Patrice
- Raulin, François
- Teinturier, Samuel
- Cousin, Agnès
- Johnstone, Stephen
- Lanza, Nina
- Cantor, Bruce
- Caplinger, Michael
- Jensen, Elsa
- Kennedy, Megan R.
- Krysak, Daniel
- Lipkaman, Leslie
- McNair, Sean
- Nixon, Brian
- Ravine, Michael
- Saper, Lee
- French, Katherine Louise
- Goetz, Walter
- Hviid, Stubbe
- Dyar, M. Darby
- Fassett, Caleb
- Haberle, Robert
- Hoehler, Tori
- Kahre, Melinda
- McKay, Christopher
- Brinckerhoff, William
- Dworkin, Jason P.
- Freissinet, Caroline
- Garvin, James
- Glavin, Daniel
- McAdam, Amy
- Pavlov, Alexander
- Stern, Jennifer
- Trainer, Melissa
- Posner, Arik
- Aubrey, Andrew
- Blaney, Diana
- Christensen, Lance
- Flesch, Gregory
- Jun, Insoo
- Keymeulen, Didier
- Mischna, Michael
- Pavri, Betina
- Spanovich, Nicole
- Webster, Christopher R.
- Yen, Albert
- Archer, Paul Douglas
- Niles, Paul
- Rampe, Elizabeth
- Berman, Daniel
- Sarrazin, Philippe
- Vicenzi, Edward
- Ehresmann, Bent
- Hamilton, Victoria
- Hassler, Donald
- Rafkin, Scot
- Zeitlin, Cary
- Litvak, Maxim
- Malakhov, Alexey
- Mitrofanov, Igor
- Nikiforov, Sergey
- Wolff, Michael
- Lemmon, Mark
- Schwenzer, Susanne P.
- Ramos, Miguel
- Kim, Myung-Hee
- Malespin, Charles
- Plante, Ianik
- Navarro-González, Rafael
- Ewing, Ryan
- Boynton, William
- Harshman, Karl
- Morrison, Shaunna
- Williams, Amy
- Jakosky, Bruce
- Frydenvang, Jens
- Kinch, Kjartan
- Koefoed, Asmus
- Stipp, Susan Louise Svane
- Perrett, Glynis
- Jacob, Samantha
- Savijärvi, Hannu
- Burmeister, Sönke
- Guo, Jingnan
- Köhler, Jan
- Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert
- Bridges, John C.
- Benna, Mehdi
- Franz, Heather
- Boucher, Thomas
- Carmosino, Marco
- Atreya, Sushil
- Elliott, Harvey
- Wong, Michael
- Ollila, Ann
- Vasconcelos, Paulo
- Nealson, Kenneth
- Popa, Radu
- Tate, Christopher
- Day, Mackenzie
- Francis, Raymond
- McCullough, Emily
- Stein, Thomas
- Moores, John E.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2014-01-24
- Volume
- 343
- Issue
- 6169
- Pages
- 1242777-1242777
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2054921843
- Cited by
- 901
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 67
- FWCI
- 39.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Smithsonian Digital Repository (Smithsonian Institution) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Keywords
- Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars, ancient lakes, Curiosity rover, fine-grained sedimentary rocks, chemolithoautotrophy, biogenic elements, neutral pH, low salinity, phosphorus availability, habitability
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Extraterrestrial Environment, Hydrogen, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Iron, Nitrogen, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Water, Mars, Exobiology, Geologic Sediments, Salinity, Bays
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