Cited by 267Marine Biology and Environmental ChemistryBacterial biofilms and quorum sensingMarine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology

Marine Tubeworm Metamorphosis Induced by Arrays of Bacterial Phage Tail–Like Structures

Open access
Shikuma, Nicholas J., Pilhofer, Martin, Weiss, Gregor L., Hadfield, Michael G., Jensen, Grant J., Newman, Dianne K.·2014·Science

Abstract

Big MACs: Tubeworms are important marine benthic species that encrust rocks and contribute to fouling of man-made objects, such as ships' hulls and drilling well heads. Like most marine invertebrates, the larval stages of tubeworms are free-swimming, but the cues for larval settlement and the triggers for metamorphosis are mysterious. Shikuma et al. (p. 529 , published online 9 January) experimented on larval settlement by the tubeworm, Hydroides elegans , which needs to associate with a biofilm-forming bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea , before settlement can occur. The bacterium was found to express metamorphosis-associated contractile structures (MACs) in large and structurally elaborate arrays that allow the tubeworm larvae to develop.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1246794

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In many marine organisms, metamorphosis is triggered by environmental cues indicating a suitable settlement site for a planktonic larval stage.

    “In many marine organisms, metamorphosis is triggered by environmental cues, which indicate a suitable site for settlement of a planktonic larval stage [72].”

    From An option space for early neural evolution (2015) · cites this paper as [72]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [5]McFall-Ngai M Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 2013 110 3229 3236 23391737 PMC3587249
  2. [7]Huang Y Callahan S Hadfield MG Sci. Rep 2012 2 228 22355742 PMC3260340
  3. [9]Holmström C Kjelleberg S FEMS Microbiol. Ecol 1999 30 285 293 10568837

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Shikuma, N. J., Pilhofer, M., Weiss, G. L., Hadfield, M. G., Jensen, G. J., & Newman, D. K.
Affiliations
  • California Institute of Technology (US)
  • University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
Corresponding author
  • Shikuma, Nicholas J.
  • Pilhofer, Martin
  • Hadfield, Michael G.
  • Jensen, Grant J.
  • Newman, Dianne K.
Venue
Science
Published
2014-01-31
Volume
343
Issue
6170
Pages
529-533
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2027694705
Cited by
267
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 12
FWCI
34.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM094800, GM094800B)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
Keywords
Hydroides elegans, Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, larval settlement, biofouling, marine biofilms, larval development
MeSH terms
Animals, Bacteriocins, Bacteriophages, Genes, Bacterial, Larva, Metamorphosis, Biological, Molecular Sequence Data, Polychaeta, Open Reading Frames, Viral Tail Proteins, Biofilms, Pseudoalteromonas, Aquatic Organisms

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review