Attosecond band-gap dynamics in silicon
Abstract
Electron transfer from valence to conduction band states in semiconductors is the basis of modern electronics. Here, attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectroscopy is used to resolve this process in silicon in real time. Electrons injected into the conduction band by few-cycle laser pulses alter the silicon XUV absorption spectrum in sharp steps synchronized with the laser electric field oscillations. The observed ~450-attosecond step rise time provides an upper limit for the carrier-induced band-gap reduction and the electron-electron scattering time in the conduction band. This electronic response is separated from the subsequent band-gap modifications due to lattice motion, which occurs on a time scale of 60 ± 10 femtoseconds, characteristic of the fastest optical phonon. Quantum dynamical simulations interpret the carrier injection step as light-field–induced electron tunneling.
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Remarkable results for photoemission delays from orbitals, electronic timescales of dielectric properties, and band gap excitation provide compelling evidence that attosecond methods will continue to address new frontiers in dynamics.
“Remarkable results for photoemission delays from orbitals, electronic timescales of dielectric properties [213] and band gap excitation [214] provide compelling evidence that attosecond methods will continue to address new frontiers in dynamics.”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [214]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Schultze, M., Ramasesha, K., Pemmaraju, C. D., Sato, S. A., Whitmore, D., Gandman, A., Prell, J. S., Borja, L. J., Prendergast, D., Yabana, K., Neumark, D. M., & Leone, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Schultze, Martin
- Ramasesha, Krupa
- Neumark, Daniel M.
- Leone, Stephen R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2014-12-12
- Volume
- 346
- Issue
- 6215
- Pages
- 1348-1352
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2086867887
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 21.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23340113, 14J01511, 25104702)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › 2D Materials and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Keywords
- attosecond dynamics, silicon, optical phonons, charge injection, electron tunneling, few-cycle pulses, quantum dynamical simulation
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