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Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Substrates of Positive Reinforcement: Differential Effects of d - and l -Amphetamine
Abstract
Intracranial self-stimulation was elicited from electrodes located in either the lateral hypothalamus or substantia nigra of the rat. Facilitatory effects of d- and l- isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation were assessed. The d- isomer was seven to ten times more effective than the l- isomer at the hypothalamic placement, whereas the two isomers were equipotent for substantia nigra electrodes. These data support the hypothesis that both dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems subserve positive reinforcement.
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Citations
Cited by
Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions
Panksepp, J. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00012759 · Cited by 999
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Review*
Meltzer, H. Y., & Stahl, S. M. (1976) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/2.1.19 · Cited by 883
Snyder, S. H., Banerjee, S. P., Yamamura, H. I., & Greenberg, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.184.4143.1243 · Cited by 834
Catecholamine theories of reward: A critical review
Wise, R. A. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90253-6 · Cited by 766
Dopamine and reward: The anhedonia hypothesis 30 years on
Wise, R. A. (2008) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033808 · Cited by 580
Metadata
- Authors
- Phillips, A. G., & Fibiger, H. C.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1973-02-09
- Volume
- 179
- Issue
- 4073
- Pages
- 575-577
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2059147280
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 13.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Substrates of Positive Reinforcement: Differential Effects of d - and l -Amphetamine. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.179.4073.575
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- Phillips, A. G., & Fibiger, H. C. (1973). Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Substrates of Positive Reinforcement: Differential Effects of d - and l -Amphetamine. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4073.575
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
