The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Computations Underlying the Execution of Movement: A Biological Perspective
Abstract
To execute voluntary movements, the central nervous system must transform the neural representation of the direction, amplitude, and velocity of the limb, represented by the activity of cortical and subcortical neurons, into signals that activate the muscles that move the limb. This task is equivalent to solving an "ill-posed" computational problem because the number of degrees of freedom of the musculoskeletal apparatus is much larger than that specified in the plan of action. Some of the mechanisms and circuitry underlying the transformation of motor plans into motor commands are described. A central feature of this transformation is a coarse map of limb postures in the premotor areas of the spinal cord. Vectorial combination of motor outputs among different areas of the spinal map may produce a large repertoire of motor behaviors.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres
Gordon, A. M., Huxley, A. F., & Julian, F. J. (1966) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007909 · Cited by 3,152
The effects of length and stimulus rate on tension in the isometric cat soleus muscle
Rack, P. M. H., & Westbury, D. R. (1969) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008923 · Cited by 1,144
Kinematic networks: A distributed model for representing and regularizing motor redundancy
Ivaldi, F. A. M., Morasso, P., & Zaccaria, R. (1988) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00205967 · Cited by 251
Cited by
A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction
Tenenbaum, J. B., Silva, V. D., & Langford, J. C. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2319 · Cited by 13,585
Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task
Shadmehr, R., & Mussa-Ivaldi, F. (1994) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-05-03208.1994 · Cited by 2,612
Self-citationCosmides, L. (1996) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00664-8 · Cited by 1,293
Farina, D., Jiang, N., Rehbaum, H., Holobar, A., Graimann, B., Dietl, H., & Aszmann, O. C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2014.2305111 · Cited by 992
Chiel, H. J., & Beer, R. D. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01149-1 · Cited by 864
Metadata
- Authors
- Bizzi, E., Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A., & Giszter, S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1991-07-19
- Volume
- 253
- Issue
- 5017
- Pages
- 287-291
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2029428797
- Cited by
- 677
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Computations Underlying the Execution of Movement: A Biological Perspective. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1857964
- The paper
- Bizzi, E., Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A., & Giszter, S. (1991). Computations Underlying the Execution of Movement: A Biological Perspective. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1857964
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
