The DOI matches its Crossref record; 142 of the 142 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Autoimmune Diseases: The Failure of Self Tolerance
Abstract
The ability to discriminate between self and nonself antigens is vital to the functioning of the immune system as a specific defense against invading microorganisms. Failure of the immune system to "tolerate" self tissues can result in pathological autoimmune states leading to debilitating illness and sometimes death. The induction of autoimmunity involves genetic and environmental factors that have focused the attention of researchers on the trimolecular complex formed by major histocompatibility complex molecules, antigen, and T cell receptors. Detailed molecular characterization of these components points to potential strategies for disease intervention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Urban, J. L., Horvath, S. J., & Hood, L. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90288-2 · Cited by 80
RetractedPrimer-Directed Enzymatic Amplification of DNA with a Thermostable DNA Polymerase
Saiki, R. K., Gelfand, D. H., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S. J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G. T., Mullis, K. B., & Erlich, H. A. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2448875 · Cited by 17,719
Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2
Bjorkman, P. J., Saper, M. A., Samraoui, B., Bennett, W. S., Strominger, J. L., & Wiley, D. C. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/329506a0 · Cited by 3,472
T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition
Davis, M. M., & Bjorkman, P. J. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/334395a0 · Cited by 3,202
T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus
Kappler, J. W., Roehm, N., & Marrack, P. (1987) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90568-x · Cited by 2,211
Jonjić, S., Mutter, W., Weiland, F., Reddehase, M. J., & Koszinowski, U. H. (1989) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.169.4.1199 · Cited by 2,105
HLA-DQβ gene contributes to susceptibility and resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Todd, J. A., Bell, J. I., & McDevitt, H. O. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/329599a0 · Cited by 2,036
Self-citationPestka, S., Langer, J. A., Zoon, K. C., & Samuel, C. E. (1987) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003455 · Cited by 1,825
The Biology Of Cachectin/TNF: A Primary Mediator Of The Host Response
Beutler, B. (1989) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.7.1.625 · Cited by 1,697
McCune, J., Namikawa, R., Kaneshima, H., Shultz, L., Lieberman, M., & Weissman, I. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.241.4873.1632 · Cited by 1,406
Cited by
Davidson, A., & Diamond, B. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200108023450506 · Cited by 1,042
Bennett, J. M., Reeves, G., Billman, G. E., & Sturmberg, J. P. (2018) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00316 · Cited by 531
Lafaille, J. J., Nagashima, K., Katsuki, M., & Tonegawa, S. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90419-7 · Cited by 532
Rapoport, M. J., Jaramillo, A., Zipris, D., Lazarus, A. H., Serreze, D. V., Leiter, E. H., Cyopick, P., Danska, J. S., & Delovitch, T. L. (1993) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.178.1.87 · Cited by 507
Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Kaufman, D. L., Erlander, M. G., Clare-Salzler, M., Atkinson, M. A., Maclaren, N. K., & Tobin, A. J. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115573 · Cited by 490
Metadata
- Authors
- Sinha, A. A., Lopez, M. T., & McDevitt, H. O.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1990-06-15
- Volume
- 248
- Issue
- 4961
- Pages
- 1380-1388
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1966388921
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 142
- FWCI
- 19.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Autoimmune Diseases: The Failure of Self Tolerance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1972595
- The paper
- Sinha, A. A., Lopez, M. T., & McDevitt, H. O. (1990). Autoimmune Diseases: The Failure of Self Tolerance. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1972595
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.