Statistical data analysis in the computer age
Abstract
Most of our familiar statistical methods, such as hypothesis testing, linear regression, analysis of variance, and maximum likelihood estimation, were designed to be implemented on mechanical calculators. Modern electronic computation has encouraged a host of new statistical methods that require fewer distributional assumptions than their predecessors and can be applied to more complicated statistical estimators. These methods allow the scientist to explore and describe data and draw valid statistical inferences without the usual concerns for mathematical tractability. This is possible because traditional methods of mathematical analysis are replaced by specially constructed computer algorithms. Mathematics has not disappeared from statistical theory. It is the main method for deciding which algorithms are correct and efficient tools for automating statistical inference.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A bootstrap method analogous to a 2-tailed paired t-test was used to assess pre- to post-intervention changes because some datasets were too small to reasonably verify normality.
“A bootstrap method analogous to a 2-tailed paired t-test was used to assess pre- to post-intervention changes, as some datasets were too small to reasonably verify normality”
From Multi-family pediatric pain group therapy: Capturing acceptance and cultivating change (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
Cites
Classification and Regression Trees.
Gordon, A. D., Breiman, L., Friedman, J. H., Olshen, R. A., & Stone, C. J. (1984) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530946 · Cited by 23,834 · see citing works
Robust Locally Weighted Regression and Smoothing Scatterplots
Cleveland, W. S. (1979) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1979.10481038 · Cited by 11,594 · see citing works
Brown, R. A., Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1991) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532174 · Cited by 8,262 · see citing works
Self-citationEfron, B., & Tibshirani, R. (1986) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/ss/1177013815 · Cited by 6,033 · see citing works
Self-citationRobust Statistics: The Approach Based on Influence Functions
Ruppert, D. (1987) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269782 · Cited by 3,880 · see citing works
Why Isn't Everyone a Bayesian?
Efron, B. (1986) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1986.10475342 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationA review of bootstrap confidence intervals
Diciccio, T. J., & Romano, J. P. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1988.tb01732.x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Compliance as an Explanatory Variable in Clinical Trials
Efron, B., & Feldman, D. (1991) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1991.10474996 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citationHINKLEY, D. V. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1988.tb01731.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Computer-Intensive Methods in Statistical Regression
Efron, B. (1988) · SIAM Review · doi:10.1137/1030093 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationPredicting chemically induced duodenal ulcer and adrenal necrosis with classification trees.
Giampaolo, C., Gray, A. T., Olshen, R. A., & Szabó, S. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.14.6298 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Free R value: a novel statistical quantity for assessing the accuracy of crystal structures
Brünger, A. T. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355472a0 · Cited by 3,877 · see citing works
Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (2014) · Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online · doi:10.1002/9781118445112.stat03141 · Cited by 3,156 · see citing works
Self-citation(2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032193 · Cited by 2,565 · see citing works
Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity
Gibson, L., Lee, T. M., Koh, L. P., Brook, B. W., Gardner, T. A., Barlow, J., Peres, C. A., Bradshaw, C. J. A., Laurance, W. F., Lovejoy, T. E., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10425 · Cited by 2,147 · see citing works
Generalized additive models for medical research
Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1995) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/096228029500400302 · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation between Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions
Redelmeier, D. A., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199702133360701 · Cited by 1,177 · see citing works
Self-citationOrganizing principles for a diversity of GABAergic interneurons and synapses in the neocortex
Gupta, A., Wang, Y., & Markram, H. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.273 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains.
Korber, B., Muldoon, M., Theiler, J., Gao, F., Gupta, R., Lapedes, A., Hahn, B. H., Wolinsky, S., & Bhattacharya, T. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1789 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy
Leclère, D., Obersteiner, M., Barrett, M., Butchart, S. H. M., Chaudhary, A., De Palma, A., DeClerck, F. A. J., Di Marco, M., Doelman, J. C., Dürauer, M., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2705-y · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Linearity and Normalization in Simple Cells of the Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
Carandini, M., Heeger, D. J., & Movshon, J. A. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-21-08621.1997 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Birks, H. J. B., & Birks, H. J. B. (1998) · Journal of Paleolimnology · doi:10.1023/a:1008038808690 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
The psychometric function: II. Bootstrap-based confidence intervals and sampling
Wichmann, F. A., & Hill, N. J. (2001) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194545 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Food-web analysis through field measurement of per capita interaction strength
Paine, R. T. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355073a0 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Parsons, P. E., Eisner, M. D., Thompson, B., Matthay, M. A., Ancukiewicz, M., Bernard, G. R., & Wheeler, A. P. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000149854.61192.dc · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Visualizing and quantifying natural selection
Brodie, E. D., Moore, A. J., & Janzen, F. J. (1995) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)89117-x · Cited by 650 · see citing works
McClelland, J. W., Valiela, I., & Michener, R. H. (1997) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.5.0930 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Factors Orchestrates Reprogramming
Chronis, C., Fiziev, P., Papp, B., Butz, S., Bonora, G., Sabri, S., Ernst, J., & Plath, K. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.016 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
A hierarchical unsupervised growing neural network for clustering gene expression patterns
Herrero, J., Valencia, A., & Dopazo, J. (2001) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/17.2.126 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Mathematics, Statistics, and Teaching
Cobb, G. W., & Moore, D. S. (1997) · American Mathematical Monthly · doi:10.1080/00029890.1997.11990723 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
On the definition of El Niño and associated seasonal average U.S. weather anomalies
Larkin, N. K., & Harrison, D. E. (2005) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2005gl022738 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward: a simple score.
Wicki, J., Perneger, T., Junod, A. F., Bounameaux, H., & Perrier, A. (2001) · PubMed · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.1.92 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Peterson, B. S., Skudlarski, P., Gatenby, J. C., Zhang, H., Anderson, A. W., & Gore, J. C. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00056-6 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Risks and decisions for conservation and environmental management
Burgman, M. A. (2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-2184 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Nontraditional Regression Analyses
Trexler, J. C., & Travis, J. (1993) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939921 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Climate change and northern fish populations
Beamish, R. J., & Populations, N. F. (1995) · National Research Council of Canada eBooks · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Risks and Decisions for Conservation and Environmental Management
Burgman, M. A. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511614279 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Niño autumn and winter
Larkin, N. K., & Harrison, D. E. (2005) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2005gl022860 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Tic Suppression in Tourette Syndrome
Peterson, B. S., Skudlarski, P., Anderson, A. W., Zhang, H., Gatenby, J. C., Lacadie, C. M., Leckman, J. F., & Gore, J. C. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.4.326 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
de Leon, R. D., Hodgson, J. A., Roy, R. R., & Edgerton, V. R. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1329 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Distribution‐Free and Robust Statistical Methods: Viable Alternatives to Parametric Statistics
Potvin, C., & Roff, D. A. (1993) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939920 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
A guide to the literature on learning probabilistic networks from data
Buntine, W. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/69.494161 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Neunuebel, J. P., & Knierim, J. J. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.017 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Global mapping of topography on transition zone velocity discontinuities by stacking SS precursors
Flanagan, M. P., & Shearer, P. M. (1998) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/97jb03212 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Techniques for cetaceanhabitat modeling
Redfern, J. V., Ferguson, M., Becker, E., Hyrenbach, K. D., Good, C., Barlow, J. P., Kaschner, K., Baumgartner, M., Forney, K., Ballance, L., et al. (2006) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps310271 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Adjustments for Center in Multicenter Studies: An Overview
Localio, A. R., Berlin, J. A., Have, T. R. T., & Kimmel, S. E. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00012 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Relearning sound localization with new ears
Hofman, P. M., van Riswick, J. G. A., & Opstal, A. J. V. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/1633 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
NITROGEN LOADING FROM COASTAL WATERSHEDS TO RECEIVING ESTUARIES: NEW METHOD AND APPLICATION
Valiela, I., Collins, G., Kremer, J., Lajtha, K., Geist, M., Seely, B., Brawley, J. W., & Sham, C. H. (1997) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0358:nlfcwt]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Newman, M. C., Ownby, D. R., Mézin, L. C., POWELL, D. C., Christensen, T. R. L., Lerberg, S. B., & Anderson, B.-A. (2000) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620190233 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Ecology of butterflies in Europe
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-5648 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Sample-distance partial least squares: PLS optimized for many variables, with application to CoMFA
Bush, B. L., & Nachbar, R. B. (1993) · Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design · doi:10.1007/bf00124364 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Impact of Shifting Patterns of Pacific Ocean Warming on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Kim, H., Webster, P. J., & Curry, J. A. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1174062 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Shriberg, L. D. (1993) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/jshr.3601.105 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Hyperbolic Relationship Between Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Retnakaran, R. R., Shen, S., Hanley, A. J., Vuksan, V. V. V., Hamilton, J. K., & Zinman, B. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.307 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Information theory and hypothesis testing: a call for pluralism
Stephens, P. A., Buskirk, S. W., Hayward, G. D., & del Rio, C. M. (2005) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01002.x · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Predicting Adverse Outcome in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Risk Score
Wicki, J., Perneger, T., Bounameaux, H., Junod, A. F., & Perrier, A. (2000) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1614065 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Coronary Calcium Does Not Accurately Predict Near-Term Future Coronary Events in High-Risk Adults
Detrano, R., Wong, N. D., Doherty, T. M., Shavelle, R. M., Tang, W., Ginzton, L. E., Budoff, M. J., & Narahara, K. A. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.20.2633 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Feedforward Mechanisms of Excitatory and Inhibitory Cortical Receptive Fields
Bruno, R. M., & Simons, D. J. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-24-10966.2002 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Bao, X., Sun, X., Xu, M., Eaton, D. W., Song, X., Wang, L., Ding, Z., Mi, N., Li, H., Yu, D., et al. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.020 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Huijbregts, M. A. J., Gilijamse, W., Ragas, A. M. J., & Reijnders, L. (2003) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es020971+ · Cited by 353 · see citing works
A Panoramic Code for Sound Location by Cortical Neurons
Middlebrooks, J. C., Eddins, A. C., Xu, L., & Green, D. M. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8171339 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
McFarland, H. F., Frank, J. A., Albert, P. S., Smith, M. E., Martinꝉ, R., Harris, J. O., Patronas, N. J., Maloni, H. W., & McFarlin, D. E. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320609 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Classification trees: An alternative non‐parametric approach for predicting species distributions
Vayssières, M. P., Plant, R. E., & Allen‐Diaz, B. (2000) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.2307/3236575 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Postcranial robusticity in Homo. III: Ontogeny
Ruff, C. B., Walker, A., & Trinkaus, E. (1994) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330930103 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Layne, S., Merges, M., Dembo, M., Spouge, J., Conley, S., Moore, J., Raina, J. L., Renz, H., Gelderblom, H., & Narat, P. L. (1992) · Virology · doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90593-e · Cited by 372 · see citing works
[19] Free R value: Cross-validation in crystallography
Brünger, A. T. (1997) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(97)77021-6 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Hlatky, M., Rogers, W. J., Johnstone, I., Boothroyd, D., Brooks, M. M., Pitt, B., Reeder, G., Ryan, T., Smith, H. C., Whitlow, P., et al. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199701093360203 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Henderson, A. R. (2005) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2005.04.002 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Organic carbon balance and net ecosystem metabolism in Chesapeake Bay
Kemp, W., Smith, E., Marvin-DiPasquale, M. C., & Boynton, W. R. (1997) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps150229 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Rule-Based Classification Systems Using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) Analysis
Lawrence, R. L. (2001) · Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Walford, R. L., Mock, D., Verdery, R. B., & MacCallum, T. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/57.6.b211 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Contributions of individual taxa to overall morphological disparity
Foote, M. (1993) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300014056 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
A fractal approach to dynamic inference and distribution analysis
van Rooij, M. M. J. W., Nash, B. A., Rajaraman, S., & Holden, J. G. (2013) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00001 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Dynamical Scaling of DNA Diffusion Coefficients
Smith, D. E., Perkins, T. T., & Chu, S. (1996) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma951455p · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Elmore, A. J., Guinn, S. M., Minsley, B. J., & Richardson, A. D. (2011) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Tekin, S., Mega, M. S., Masterman, D. M., Chow, T. W., Garakian, J., Vinters, H. V., & Cummings, J. L. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.72 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Fauchald, P., Erikstad, K. E., & Skarsfjord, H. (2000) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0773:sdppit]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With Urinary Tract Infection in Young Febrile Infants
Zorc, J. J., Levine, D. A., Platt, S. L., Dayan, P. S., Macias, C. G., Krief, W. I., SCHOR, J. A., Bank, D., Shaw, K. N., & Kuppermann, N. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-1825 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Diffusion of isolated DNA molecules: Dependence on length and topology
Robertson‐Anderson, R. M., Laib, S., & Smith, D. E. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601903103 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Connectivity‐based parcellation: Critique and implications
Eickhoff, S. B., Thirion, B., Varoquaux, G. P., & Bzdok, D. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22933 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Global mapping of topography on the 660-km discontinuity
Shearer, P. M., & Masters, T. G. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355791a0 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Temperament as a Predictor of Symptomatology in Children: Addressing Contamination of Measures
Lengua, L. J., West, S. G., & Sandler, I. N. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06141.x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Simulated Increase of Hurricane Intensities in a CO 2 -Warmed Climate
Knutson, T. R., Tuleya, R. E., & Kurihara, Y. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5353.1018 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Korber, B. T., Farber, R. M., Wolpert, D. H., & Lapedes, A. S. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.15.7176 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Morony, S., Tintut, Y., Zhang, Z., Cattley, R. C., Van, G., Dwyer, D., Stolina, M., Kostenuik, P. J., & Demer, L. L. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.707380 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Balasse, M., Smith, A. B., Ambrose, S. H., & Leigh, S. R. (2002) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1006/jasc.2002.0833 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Evaluation of source gas lifetimes from stratospheric observations
Volk, C. M., Elkins, J. W., Fahey, D. W., Dutton, G. S., Gilligan, J. M., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R., Chan, K. R., & Gunson, M. R. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/97jd02215 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Dugda, M. T., Nyblade, A. A., Julià, J., Langston, C. A., Ammon, C. J., & Simiyu, S. M. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2004jb003065 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Stone, L. A., Frank, J. A., Albert, P. S., Bash, C. N., Smith, M. E., Maloni, H. W., & McFarland, H. F. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410370511 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The composition of Amazonian forests: patterns at local and regional scales
Terborgh, J., & Andresen, E. (1998) · Journal of Tropical Ecology · doi:10.1017/s0266467498000455 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Decrease in the growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12
Elkins, J. W., Thompson, T. M., Swanson, T. H., Butler, J. H., Hall, B. D., Cummings, S., Fishers, D. A., & Raffo, A. G. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364780a0 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Watson, M. B., Richter, F., Lee, S., Gabby, L. C., Wu, J. E., Masliah, E., Effros, R. B., & Chesselet, M. (2012) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.025 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Stephens, P. A., Zaumyslova, O. Y., Miquelle, D. G., Myslenkov, A., & Hayward, G. D. (2006) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00044.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Wallon, M., Peyron, F., Cornu, C., Vinault, S., Abrahamowicz, M., Bonithon‐Kopp, C., & Binquet, C. (2013) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cit032 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
The Spectrum of Behavioral Responses to Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Alzheimer Disease
Mega, M. S., Masterman, D. M., O'Connor, S. M., Barclay, T. R., & Cummings, J. L. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.11.1388 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Outcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: a critical analysis
Whitaker, J., McFarland, H., Rudge, P., & Reingold, S. C. (1995) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245859500100107 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Statistical testing in electrophysiological studies
Maris, E. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01320.x · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Short-Rerm Mortality Predictions for Critically Ill Hospitalized Adults: Science and Ethics
Knaus, W. A., Wagner, D. P., & Lynn, J. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1925596 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Patterns of variation in the ontogeny of primate body size dimorphism
Leigh, S. R. (1992) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/0047-2484(92)90042-8 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Seismic evidence for a global low-velocity layer within the Earth’s upper mantle
Tauzin, B., Debayle, E., & Wittlinger, G. (2010) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo969 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Clinical Evaluation for Sinusitis
Williams, J. W., Simel, D. L., Roberts, L., & Samsa, G. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-9-705 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Pollinator–mediated selection on flower–tube length in a hawkmoth–pollinated Gladiolus (Iridaceae)
Alexandersson, R., & Johnson, S. D. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1928 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Demographic Responses of Estuarine Polychaetes to Pollutants: Life Table Response Experiments
Levin, L. A., Caswell, H., Bridges, T. S., DiBacco, C., Cabrera, D., & Plaia, G. R. (1996) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.2307/2269608 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Ontogeny and the evolution of adult body size dimorphism in apes
Leigh, S. R., & Shea, B. T. (1995) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.1350360104 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Data Analysis: Continuing Issues in the Everyday Analysis of Psychological Data
Judd, C. M., McClelland, G. H., & Culhane, S. E. (1995) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.46.020195.002245 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Lin, G., Shearer, P. M., & Hauksson, E. (2007) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jb004986 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Nucleotide Composition Bias Affects Amino Acid Content in Proteins Coded by Animal Mitochondria
Foster, P. G., Jermiin, L. S., & Hickey, D. A. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006145 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Eccles, N. S., & Viviers, S. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0917-7 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Objections to Bootstrapping Phylogenies: A Critique
Sanderson, M. J. (1995) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/44.3.299 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
A review of approaches to treat uncertainty in LCA
Heijungs, R., & Huijbregts, M. A. J. (2004) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) · Cited by 209 · see citing works
McHorney, C. A., Haley, S. M., & Ware, J. E. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00424-6 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
- Authors
- Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- Tibshirani, Robert
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1991-07-26
- Volume
- 253
- Issue
- 5018
- Pages
- 390-395
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2045925085
- Cited by
- 1,192
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 49.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Applied Mathematics › Statistical and numerical algorithms
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Keywords
- statistical inference, hypothesis testing, linear regression, analysis of variance, maximum likelihood estimation, distributional assumptions, statistical software, statistical computing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review