Cited by 1,192Statistical Methods and ApplicationsStatistical and numerical algorithmsStatistical Methods and Bayesian Inference

Statistical data analysis in the computer age

Efron, Bradley, Tibshirani, Robert·1991·Science

Abstract

Most of our familiar statistical methods, such as hypothesis testing, linear regression, analysis of variance, and maximum likelihood estimation, were designed to be implemented on mechanical calculators. Modern electronic computation has encouraged a host of new statistical methods that require fewer distributional assumptions than their predecessors and can be applied to more complicated statistical estimators. These methods allow the scientist to explore and describe data and draw valid statistical inferences without the usual concerns for mathematical tractability. This is possible because traditional methods of mathematical analysis are replaced by specially constructed computer algorithms. Mathematics has not disappeared from statistical theory. It is the main method for deciding which algorithms are correct and efficient tools for automating statistical inference.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.253.5018.390

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  • A bootstrap method analogous to a 2-tailed paired t-test was used to assess pre- to post-intervention changes because some datasets were too small to reasonably verify normality.

    “A bootstrap method analogous to a 2-tailed paired t-test was used to assess pre- to post-intervention changes, as some datasets were too small to reasonably verify normality”

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Authors
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R.
Affiliations
  • Stanford University (US)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Venue
Science
Published
1991-07-26
Volume
253
Issue
5018
Pages
390-395
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2045925085
Cited by
1,192
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 48
FWCI
49.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Applied Mathematics › Statistical and numerical algorithms
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Keywords
statistical inference, hypothesis testing, linear regression, analysis of variance, maximum likelihood estimation, distributional assumptions, statistical software, statistical computing

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