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The Relative Roles of Sulfate Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases in Climate Forcing
Abstract
Calculations of the effects of both natural and anthropogenic tropospheric sulfate aerosols indicate that the aerosol climate forcing is sufficiently large in a number of regions of the Northern Hemisphere to reduce significantly the positive forcing from increased greenhouse gases. Summer sulfate aerosol forcing in the Northern Hemisphere completely offsets the greenhouse forcing over the eastern United States and central Europe. Anthropogenic sulfate aerosols contribute a globally averaged annual forcing of –0.3 watt per square meter as compared with +2.1 watts per square meter for greenhouse gases. Sources of the difference in magnitude with the previous estimate of Charlson et al . are discussed.
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Citations
Cited by
Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review
Bond, T. C., & Bergstrom, R. W. (2006) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786820500421521 · Cited by 2,980
A technology‐based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion
Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J., & Klimont, Z. (2004) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2003jd003697 · Cited by 2,393
Radiative forcing and climate response
Hansen, J., Sato, M., & Ruedy, R. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03436 · Cited by 2,241
Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review
Haywood, J., & Boucher, O. (2000) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/1999rg000078 · Cited by 2,097
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument description and experiment overview
Diner, D. J., Beckert, J. C., Reilly, T. H., Bruegge, C. J., Conel, J. E., Kahn, R. A., Martonchik, J. V., Ackerman, T. P., Davies, R., Gerstl, S. A. W., et al. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/36.700992 · Cited by 1,050
Metadata
- Authors
- Kiehl, J. T., & Briegleb, B. P.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1993-04-16
- Volume
- 260
- Issue
- 5106
- Pages
- 311-314
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2046136706
- Cited by
- 808
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 69.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Kiehl, J. T., & Briegleb, B. P. (1993). The Relative Roles of Sulfate Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases in Climate Forcing. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5106.311
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
