The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biological and Chemical Response of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997-98 El Niño
Open accessAbstract
During the 1997–98 El Niño, the equatorial Pacific Ocean retained 0.7 × 10 15 grams of carbon that normally would have been lost to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The surface ocean became impoverished in plant nutrients, and chlorophyll concentrations were the lowest on record. A dramatic recovery occurred in mid-1998, the system became highly productive, analogous to coastal environments, and carbon dioxide flux out of the ocean was again high. The spatial extent of the phytoplankton bloom that followed recovery from El Niño was the largest ever observed for the equatorial Pacific. These chemical and ecological perturbations were linked to changes in the upwelling of nutrient-enriched waters. The description and explanation of these dynamic changes would not have been possible without an observing system that combines biological, chemical, and physical sensors on moorings with remote sensing of chlorophyll.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Sea Surface Temperature (SST), SST anomalies, dissolved oxygen concentration, illumination, wind speed, current movements, depth of mixing layer, upwelling and food availability are major factors which are influencing the growth, and convergence zone”
From El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on tuna fisheries in Indian Ocean (2014) · cites this paper as Chavez et al. 1999
Citations
Cites
Biogeochemical Controls and Feedbacks on Ocean Primary Production
Falkowski, P. G., Barber, R. T., & Smetacek, V. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.200 · Cited by 2,848
Observational Contrains on the Global Atmospheric Co 2 Budget
Tans, P. P., Fung, I. Y., & Takahashi, T. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.247.4949.1431 · Cited by 2,066
Coale, K. H., Johnson, K. S., Fitzwater, S. E., Gordon, R. M., Tanner, S., Chavez, F. P., Ferioli, L., Sakamoto, C., Rogers, P., Millero, F., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383495a0 · Cited by 1,479
Self-citationTesting the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean
Martin, J. H., Coale, K., Johnson, K., Fitzwater, S., Gordon, R., Tanner, S., Hunter, C., Elrod, V., Nowicki, J., Coley, T., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371123a0 · Cited by 1,445
Self-citationGenesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Nino
McPhaden, M. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5404.950 · Cited by 1,307
Self-citationKolber, Z., Prášil, O., & Falkowski, P. (1998) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00135-2 · Cited by 902
Biological Consequences of El Ni�o
Barber, R., & Chavez, F. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.222.4629.1203 · Cited by 799
Self-citationAn estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific
Chavez, F., & Barber, R. (1987) · Deep Sea Research Part A Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/0198-0149(87)90073-2 · Cited by 483
Self-citationGlobal air-sea flux of CO 2 : An estimate based on measurements of sea–air pCO 2 difference
Takahashi, T., Feely, R. A., Weiss, R. F., Wanninkhof, R. H., Chipman, D. W., Sutherland, S. C., & Takahashi, T. T. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8292 · Cited by 471
Self-citationAtmospheric Predictability and Two-Dimensional Turbulence
Leith, C. E. (1971) · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028 · Cited by 460
What controls dissolved iron concentrations in the world ocean? Authors' closing comments
Johnson, K. S., Gordon, R., & Coale, K. (1997) · doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00047-9 · Cited by 452
Mechanism of the Zonal Displacements of the Pacific Warm Pool: Implications for ENSO
Picaut, J., Ioualalen, M., Menkès, C., Delcroix, T., & McPhaden, M. J. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5292.1486 · Cited by 433
Self-citationYoder, J., Ackleson, S., Barber, R., Flament, P., & Balch, W. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371689a0 · Cited by 357
The Retroflection of the Agulhas Current
Lutjeharms, J. R. E., & van Ballegooyen, R. C. (1988) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018 · Cited by 272
Ocean variability in relation to living resources during the 1982–83 El Niño
Barber, R., & Chavez, F. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/319279a0 · Cited by 245
Self-citationGas exchange and CO2 flux in the tropical Atlantic Ocean determined from 222Rn and pCO2 measurements
Smethie, W., Takahashi, T., Chipman, D., & Ledwell, J. (1985) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jc090ic04p07005 · Cited by 211
Phytoplankton variability in the central and eastern tropical Pacific
Chavez, F., Buck, K. R., Newton, J., & Barber, R. (1996) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/0967-0645(96)00028-8 · Cited by 205
Self-citationIron distributions in the equatorial Pacific: Implications for new production
Gordon, R., Coale, K., & Johnson, K. S. (1997) · doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.3.0419 · Cited by 167
New production along 140°W in the equatorial Pacific during and following the 1992 El Niño event
McCarthy, J., Garside, C., Nevins, J. L., & Barber, R. (1996) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/0967-0645(96)00022-7 · Cited by 159
Cronin, M., & McPhaden, M. (1997) · doi:10.1029/97jc00020 · Cited by 151
Self-citationFeely, R., Gammon, R., Taft, B., Pullen, P., Waterman, L., Conway, T., Gendron, J., & Wisegarver, D. (1987) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jc092ic06p06545 · Cited by 149
Self-citationThe 1991–1993 El Niño in the central Pacific
Kessler, W., & McPhaden, M. (1995) · doi:10.1016/0967-0645(95)00041-n · Cited by 147
Self-citationPicaut, J., & Delcroix, T. (1995) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/95jc01358 · Cited by 142
Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE): An interim report
Godfrey, J., Houze, R., Johnson, R. H., Lukas, R., Redelsperger, J., Sumi, A., & Weller, R. (1998) · doi:10.1029/97jc03120 · Cited by 138
Standing stocks of particulate carbon and nitrogen in the equatorial Pacific at 150°W
Eppley, R., Chavez, F., & Barber, R. (1992) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/91jc01386 · Cited by 132
Self-citationEl Ni�o-Southern Oscillation Displacements of the Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool
McPhaden, M., & Picaut, J. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.250.4986.1385 · Cited by 130
Self-citationOrigin and maintenance of a high nitrate condition in the equatorial Pacific
Chai, F., Lindley, S., & Barber, R. (1996) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/0967-0645(96)00029-x · Cited by 126
The 40-50 day oscillation and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation: a new perspective
Lau, K., & Chan, P. H. (1986) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1986)067 · Cited by 123
Chavez, F., Strutton, P., & McPhaden, M. J. (1998) · doi:10.1029/98gl02729 · Cited by 90
Self-citationLongwaves and primary productivity variations in the equatorial pacific at 0°, 140dgW
Foley, D., Dickey, T., McPhaden, M., Bidigare, R., Lewis, M., Barber, R., Lindley, S., Garside, C., Manovt, D. V., & McNeil, J. (1997) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(97)00080-5 · Cited by 78
Self-citationEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation related fluctuations of the marine carbon cycle
Winguth, A., Heinmann, M., Kurz, K., Maier-Reimer, E., Mikolajewicz, U., & Segschneider, J. (1994) · doi:10.1029/93gb03134 · Cited by 77
Archer, D., Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S., Goddard, J. J., Chipman, D., Rodgers, K., & Ogura, H. (1996) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/0967-0645(96)00017-3 · Cited by 49
Lefévre, N., Andrié, C., Dandonneau, Y., Reverdin, G., & Rodier, M. (1994) · doi:10.1029/94jc00293 · Cited by 37
Goyet, C., & Peltzer, E. (1994) · doi:10.1016/0304-4203(94)90073-6 · Cited by 34
Models Win Big in Forecasting El Niño
Kerr, R. A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5363.522 · Cited by 31
Surface water fCO2 in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992–1993 El Niño
Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R., Chen, H., Cosca, C., & Murphy, P. (1996) · doi:10.1029/96jc01348 · Cited by 29
Self-citationBrainerd, K. E., & Gregg, M. C. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jc03864 · Cited by 24
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- J. R. Toggweiler and S. Carson in Upwelling the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records C. P. Summerhayes et al. Eds. (Wiley Chichester UK 1995) pp. 337–360.
- Barnett T. P., Latif M., Kirk E., Roeckner E., J. Clim. 4, 487 (1991). · DOI
- Weller R. A., Anderson S. P., J. Clim. 9, 1959 (1996). · DOI
- Keeling C. D., Revelle R., Meteoritics 20, 437 (1985).
- Inoue H. Y., Sugimura Y., Tellus 44, 1 (1992). · DOI
- D. Meyers and J. J. O'Brien Eos 76 533 (1995). · DOI
- F. P. Chavez and S. L. Smith in Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records C. P. Summerhayes et al. Eds. (Wiley Chichester UK 1995) pp. 149–169.
- F. P. Chavez and J. R. Toggweiler in Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records C. P. Summerhayes et al. Eds. (Wiley Chichester UK 1995) pp. 313–320.
- 10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00043-1 · DOI
- Cochlan W. P., Kudela R. M., Eos 76, 177 (1996).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biogeochemical Controls and Feedbacks on Ocean Primary Production
Falkowski, P. G., Barber, R. T., & Smetacek, V. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.200 · Cited by 2,848
Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity
Behrenfeld, M. J., O’Malley, R. T., Siegel, D. A., McClain, C. R., Sarmiento, J. L., Feldman, G. C., Milligan, A. J., Falkowski, P. G., Letelier, R. M., & Boss, E. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05317 · Cited by 2,485
Self-citationENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science
McPhaden, M. J., Zebiak, S. E., & Glantz, M. H. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132588 · Cited by 2,236
Self-citationFrom Anchovies to Sardines and Back: Multidecadal Change in the Pacific Ocean
Chavez, F. P., Ryan, J., Lluch-Cota, S. E., & Ñiquen C., M. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1075880 · Cited by 1,641
Self-citationEcological Consequences of Recent Climate Change
McCarty, J. P. (2001) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015002320.x · Cited by 1,117
“Species and ecosystems respond to events such as storms (Mehlman 1997), drought (Grant 1986; Allen & Breshears 1998), and periodic, complex climate shifts such as the North Atlantic oscillation and the El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific (Barber & Chavez 1983; Chavez et al. 1999).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Chavez, F. P., Strutton, P. G., Friederich, G. E., Feely, R. A., Feldman, G. C., Foley, D. G., & McPhaden, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA..
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (US)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1999-12-10
- Volume
- 286
- Issue
- 5447
- Pages
- 2126-2131
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1980051345
- Cited by
- 642
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 23.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Keywords
- 1997-1998 El Niño, equatorial Pacific, ocean carbon uptake, phytoplankton blooms, chlorophyll content, nutrient depletion, upwelling, ocean productivity, ocean observing systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
