Officials gird for a war on vaccine misinformation
Abstract
Fears of a rushed COVID-19 vaccine and rise of social media demand new messaging strategy.
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Misinformation spread through multiple channels could have a considerable effect on the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine.
“Misinformation spread through multiple channels could have a considerable effect on the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine8.”
From A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
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A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine
Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., Kimball, S., & El-Mohandes, A. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9 · Cited by 2,904 · see citing works
Confidence and Receptivity for COVID-19 Vaccines: A Rapid Systematic Review
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“Moreover, the proliferation of conspiracy theories surrounding coronavirus and the vaccines, combined with existing anti-vaccine movement adds another uncertain dimension to vaccine decisions [86,112,113].”
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on behalf of the COVID-19 Commission of Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, R., Forni, G., & Mantovani, A. (2021) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-020-00720-9 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
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Inoculating Against Fake News About COVID-19
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“These effects are problematic because at present polls show that only 50% of Americans are willing to get a potential vaccine if one becomes available, which undermines the potential for herd immunity against the coronavirus (Cornwall, 2020).”
BackgroundGraupensperger, S. A., Abdallah, D. A., & Lee, C. M. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.018 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“342 Indeed, the scientific community has struggled to overcome widespread misinformation 343 throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, but particularly as it pertains to COVID vaccines [44].”
BackgroundScience skepticism in times of COVID-19
Rutjens, B. T., van der Linden, S., & van der Lee, R. (2021) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430220981415 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“Only 50% of Americans currently plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine when one becomes available (Cornwall, 2020).”
BackgroundHu, T., Wang, S., Luo, W. P., Zhang, M., Huang, X., Yan, Y., Liu, R., Ly, K., Kacker, V., She, B., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/30854 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“Therefore, it is crucial for governments, public health officials, and policy makers to understand the potential drivers that affect public opinion towards COVID-19 vaccines [8].”
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“[ 5 , 6 ] In addition to the issue of comlacency, which has been fueled by misinformation spread through ultiple channels [7] , the recent literature has identified explicit oncerns about vaccine confidence— such as safety, potential side ffects, efficacy, and trust in the government, the medical indusry and pharmaceu…”
BackgroundHesitant or not? A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine
Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., Kimball, S., & El-Mohandes, A. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.23.20180307 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Autopsy of a metaphor: The origins, use and blind spots of the ‘infodemic’
Simon, F. M., & Camargo, C. Q. (2021) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211031908 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“…have asked if people can be ‘vaccinated against fake news’ (University of Cambridge, 2019) or variously described the situation as ‘an ecosystem out of balance’ (Koulolias et al., 2018; Schudson and Zelizer, 2017), or phrased it in terms of an (information) ‘war’ (Cornwall, 2020; Roose, 2020).”
BackgroundMisinformation warnings: Twitter’s soft moderation effects on COVID-19 vaccine belief echoes
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“16 Being part of a generation exposed to multimedia, college students may be more influenced by online information and social media in their decision as to whether to get vaccinated against COVID-19.”
BackgroundVaccination policy reactance: Predictors, consequences, and countermeasures
Sprengholz, P., Felgendreff, L., BOHM, R. M., & Betsch, C. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053211044535 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“The lack of a long-term safety record, news reports and policymakers emphasizing the high pace of vaccine development (e.g. operation Warp-Speed in the US) may have a negative impact on vaccine confidence (Cornwall, 2020), possibly explaining the declining support for mandatory regulations.”
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Mønsted, B., & Lehmann, S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263746 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
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Preparing for A COVID-19 Vaccine: A Mixed Methods Study of Vaccine Hesitant Parents
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“With vaccine hesitancy noted as a global health threat (World Health Organization, 2019) and vaccine misinformation on the rise (Cornwall, 2020), this study has practical applications as well as implications for research in Address correspondence to Matthew E.”
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“This may be attributed to substantial misinformation spread through multiple channels about the vaccine [22].”
BackgroundMedia usage predicts intention to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 in the US and the UK
Allington, D., McAndrew, S., Moxham-Hall, V. L., & Duffy, B. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.054 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
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“The misinformation being spread across various platforms has the potential to negatively influence the acceptance of the newly developed COVID-19 vaccines [6].”
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Faster than warp speed: early attention to COVD-19 by anti-vaccine groups on Facebook
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The role of discomfort in the continued influence effect of misinformation
Susmann, M. W., & Wegener, D. T. (2021) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-021-01232-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Increases in this belief has coincided with increases in outbreaks of vaccine-targeted diseases, such as measles (Hall et al., 2017), and more recent antivaccination misinformation threatens to reduce COVID-19 vaccine uptake (Cornwall, 2020).”
BackgroundMarketplaces of Misinformation: A Study of How Vaccine Misinformation Is Legitimized on Social Media
Domenico, G. D., Nunan, D., & Pitardi, V. (2022) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/07439156221103860 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Although misinformation touches on almost all health care areas, the most high-pro fi le contemporary manifestation of this problem is vaccine misinformation (Cornwall 2020).”
BackgroundCoronavirus 2019 Infectious Disease Epidemic: Where We Are, What Can Be Done and Hope For
Carbone, M., Lednicky, J. A., Xiao, S., Venditti, M., & Bucci, E. M. (2021) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.12.014 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“The antivaccine movements in Europe and in the United States have raised skepticism in the population about vaccines, and up to 50% of the population in different countries does not plan to take a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.(181)”
Rizal, A. R. A., Nordin, S. M., Ahmad, W. F. W., Khiri, M. J. A., & Hussin, S. H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042378 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Cornwall (2020) reported that the public believes information coming from an authoritative agency to be accurate and trustworthy.”
BackgroundInfluentialSARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Hesitancy and Behaviors in a National Sample of People Living with HIV
Jaiswal, J., Krause, K. D., Martino, R. J., D’Avanzo, P. A., Griffin, M., Stults, C. B., Karr, A. G., & Halkitis, P. N. (2021) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2021.0144 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
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“Furthermore, misinformation disseminated by various media might substantially reduce people’s willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.(20) While there is considerable anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines, there is still no information about the determinants of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in the Saudi Arabian popul…”
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“Spread of misinformation through multiple channels could considerably affect the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine [41].”
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Threats to Science: Politicization, Misinformation, and Inequalities
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“…statements with no basis in scientific principles, created an environment ripe for misinformation—a second threat. even before many knew of cOVID-19, antivaccine activists were tweeting that the virus was a scam produced by eventual vaccine manufacturers for profit (cornwall 2020; Van Bavel et al.”
BackgroundSocial-Cyber Maneuvers During the COVID-19 Vaccine Initial Rollout: Content Analysis of Tweets
Blane, J. T., Bellutta, D., & Carley, K. M. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/34040 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“These are among the reasons for “vaccine hesitancy” across the world [7].”
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“Warnings about such potential negative impacts on COVID-19 vaccination via social media have been discussed [20, 23].”
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“The tsunami of COVID-19 misinformation shows no signs of abating.(5)”
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“To restore and bolster public confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy, the public must be inoculated against misinformation in various social media messages [13].”
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“During the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-vaccination activists flooded social media with messages that downplayed COVID-19, questioned the truthfulness of vaccine trials, and in some cases denied the existence of COVID-19 altogether (11).”
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“However, in many countries, hesitation and the deliberate dissemination of misinformation or incomplete information are significant barriers to achieve widespread immunization of the population (Machingaidze and Wiysonge 2021; Cornwall 2020).”
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“Anti-vaccination activists against COVID-19 vaccines have mediated the spread of misinformation through multiple channels which may have had a substantial impact on vaccine acceptance [13,14].”
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“Because vaccination was the cornerstone of many countries’ COVID19 pandemic mitigation strategy, efforts to limit the negative impact of misinformation on public confidence in vaccines became a key component of pandemic response (Cornwall, 2020).”
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“Moreover, using data from July 2020, the author of Cornwall (2020) reports that 25% of Americans were against taking COVID vaccines when available.”
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“Cornwall [7] pointed out that a series of reports on side effects on social media increased the public’s hesitation regarding COVID-19 vaccines and distrust of the vaccination plan.”
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The role of the allergist/immunologist in the COVID-19 pandemic: A Janus-faced presentation
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“Only 49% of American people would voluntarily get a coronavirus vaccine (Cornwall, 2020), which is far from meeting the minimum vaccination rate of 69.6% to achieve herd immunity (Kwok et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialA public health timeline to prepare for COVID-19 vaccines in Canada
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“The impact of misinformation and disinformation must be minimized through a public awareness campaign that supports the incremental development of critical thinking skills (Cornwall 2020; MacDonald and Dubé 2020).”
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“However, information spreading through multiple channels could have a considerable impact on the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine.(8) The accelerated pace of vaccine development might further heightened public hesitancy, and could compromise acceptance.”
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“Thus, misinformation regarding vaccines can have a significant effect on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines [8].”
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“Therefore, governments and communities must assess current levels of willingness to receive a potentially safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine and identify predictors of vaccination hesitation and/or adoption (Cornwall, 2020; Fadda et al., 2020).”
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“Moreover, the spread of COVID-19-related misinformation has been reported to significantly affect vaccine hesitancy [55,56].”
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“Vaccine hesitancy is a longstanding global threat to public health and persists with COVID-19 (Burki, 2020; Cerda & García, 2021; Cornwall, 2020).”
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“False information has also spread through multiple media platforms, which was cited as the main cause of hindrance to vaccine administration, despite the accelerated pace of vaccine has many effects on vaccine acceptance and here comes the role of healthcare workers (HCWs).(15) The frontline healthcare providers in Su…”
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“Studies have shown that information obtained from truthful sources can reassure people, while incorrect information disseminated through multiple channels can have an unwanted deterring effect on their decision [2].”
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“Public health officials are bracing themselves for an online campaign of antivaccine misinformation in light of the COVID-19 pandemic as scientists rush to create a vaccine (Cornwall, 2020).”
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“Importantly, these partnerships also improve the public perception of science and offer collaborative strategies to address misinformation effectively and sustainably, especially in a current period in which vaccine misinformation is directly contributing to hesitancy, distrust, and reduced uptake [14].”
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“Journalists lack the relevant expertise and will have serious repercussions if they disseminate inappropriate or incorrect health information, which in turn will affect COVID-19 vaccine acceptance [16].”
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“The misleading information in this pandemic can be in the form of rumors and conspiracy related to the origin of the virus that causes COVID-19 (Nie, 2020) until distorted understanding of vaccines (Bertin et al., 2020; Cornwall, 2020).”
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“It could be attributed to widespread vaccine propaganda spread through various channels (61).”
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“the young front-line clinician population (65, 66).”
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COVID-19 Vaccines: Preparing for Vaccination in the Context of Clinical Oncology Care
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“Trust in the healthcare system in the host country [20] is another enabler, while a barrier is misinformation [15,20,28,29] or lack of information in immigrants’ primary languages.”
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“Even advocates were worried that the rush to develop a vaccine could have negatively affected the quality of such vaccines and increase the risk of ineffectiveness or harmful side effects.(27) Psychological habituation leads some people to believe that doing nothing is safer than taking action when it comes to COVID‐1…”
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“In a related study, Cornwall pointed out that misinformation spread through multiple channels can have a considerable effect on the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine [24].”
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COVID-19: Lesson Learnt from Diagnostics to Therapeutics
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“In fact, COVID-19 vaccines were thrust into the most polarized era in recent American politics (Lee, 2015; McCarty, 2019; Pierson & Schickler, 2020) which has affected complacency about the risk of the disease and the need for vaccines among some groups (Cornwall, 2020).”
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- Authors
- Cornwall, W.
- Corresponding author
- Cornwall, Warren
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2020-07-03
- Volume
- 369
- Issue
- 6499
- Pages
- 14-15
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W3038426841
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 12
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Keywords
- vaccine misinformation, COVID-19 vaccines, social media, public health communication, vaccine hesitancy, health communication strategies
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Vaccination Movement, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, United States, Viral Vaccines, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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